{ "data": [ { "country": "IL", "country_name": "Israel", "next_election": { "id": "israel-legislative-2026", "date": "2026-10-27", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/israel-legislative-2026" }, "now": { "election": "israel-legislative-2026", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-10-27T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-10-27T22:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Asia/Jerusalem", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "israel-legislative-2026", "election": "israel-legislative-2026", "kinds": null, "start": { "at": "2026-10-23T21:00:00Z" }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "חוק הבחירות (דרכי תעמולה), התשי\"ט-1959 (Elections (Modes of Propaganda) Law, 5719-1959)", "citation": "s.16ה(ח); definitions s.16ה(א); penalty s.17; injunctions s.17ב", "short": null, "source": "https://www.gov.il/BlobFolder/guide/knesset25-elections-info/he/survey_section16_acces.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "Read only in a Wikisource transcription; the Central Elections Committee text (gov.il) returned 403. The ban starts at the end of the Friday before polling day, which for 27 Oct 2026 is 24 Oct 00:00 Asia/Jerusalem.", "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: 'בתום יום שישי שלפני פתיחת הקלפיות' = at the end of the Friday before polls open. Calendar-day reading gives Fri 24:00 = Sat 00:00. The ban is anchored to Friday, not to a fixed number of days, so it is D-3 only for a Tuesday election. A search snippet attributes '23:59 on Friday' to the Central Elections Committee; I could not open that page. | End: close of the polling stations (מועד סגירת הקלפיות) | Amendments: s.16ה added 2003 (תשס\"ג); the transcription shows no later amendment to 16ה. The CEC began requiring pollsters to file results and questions in July 2026 (bhol.co.il report, lead only). | Official texts (gov.il CEC PDF, gov.il election portals, Nevo, Knesset) were Cloudflare-blocked or not found. Wording is from Wikisource, so confidence stays secondary-only until someone reads the official PDF in a browser. | Also opened: https://he.wikisource.org/w/index.php?title=%D7%97%D7%95%D7%A7_%D7%94%D7%91%D7%97%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%AA_(%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99_%D7%AA%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%94)&action=raw" } ] }, { "country": "BG", "country_name": "Bulgaria", "next_election": { "id": "bulgaria-presidential-2026-r2", "date": "2026-11-01", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/bulgaria-presidential-2026-r2" }, "now": { "election": "bulgaria-presidential-2026-r2", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-11-01T18:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-01T20:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Sofia", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "bg", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 1 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Изборен кодекс (Electoral Code)", "citation": "art. 205(5); art. 204(3) for exit polls; penalty art. 475", "short": null, "source": "https://varna-adms.justice.bg/upload/33010/IZBOREN_KODEKS.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "The Electoral Code text read is consolidated only to August 2019; later amendments are unchecked because lex.bg and cik.bg were blocked.", "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: '24 часа преди изборния ден' = the 24 hours before election day, i.e. from 00:00 on D-1 | End: the announcement of the end of election day nationally (обявяване края на изборния ден на територията на страната). Exit-poll (election-day survey) results may be published only after 20:00 on election day (art. 204(3)) | Amendments: The text I read is current only to 2 Aug 2019. Amendments since (2021–2026) were not checked, because lex.bg and cik.bg were blocked. | The ban covers 'допитвания до общественото мнение' (opinion polls); election-day 'социологически проучвания' are governed by art. 204(3), publishable after 20:00. | Also opened: https://www.lex.bg/laws/ldoc/2136112596 ; https://www.bta.bg/bg/news/bulgaria/oficial-messages/cik/196419-TsENTRALNA-IZBIRATELNA-KOMISIYa" } ] }, { "country": "US", "country_name": "United States", "next_election": { "id": "us-midterms-2026", "date": "2026-11-03", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/us-midterms-2026" }, "now": { "election": "us-midterms-2026", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-11-04T06:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-04T01:00:00-05:00", "timezone": "America/New_York", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "us", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "U.S. Constitution, First Amendment", "citation": "n/a (First Amendment)", "short": null, "source": "https://www.everycrsreport.com/reports/RS20762.html", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "No federal statute bars publishing polls, but this rests on a CRS report (secondary), not a primary text. Exit-poll projections are held back by media practice, not law.", "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: No federal statute found. CRS: 'Congress, therefore, apparently could not ban media projections outright.' States cannot ban non-disruptive exit polling (Daily Herald v. Munro, 9th Cir. 1988, per secondary sources) | Court rulings (leads, not opened unless a source is given): Daily Herald Co. v. Munro, 838 F.2d 380 (9th Cir. 1988): Washington's 300-ft exit-poll restriction was unconstitutional (opinion not opened; known from CRS and RCFP summaries) | Amendments: not checked | Proving a negative: no federal law was found, but state electioneering-distance laws (e.g. limits on exit-poll interviewers near polling places) were not surveyed state by state." } ] }, { "country": "NZ", "country_name": "New Zealand", "next_election": { "id": "new-zealand-general-2026", "date": "2026-11-07", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/new-zealand-general-2026" }, "now": { "election": "new-zealand-general-2026", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-11-07T06:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-07T19:00:00+13:00", "timezone": "Pacific/Auckland", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "nz", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 0 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Electoral Act 1993", "citation": "s.197 (interfering with or influencing voters); paragraph numbers not verified", "short": null, "source": "https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0087/latest/DLM309837.html", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "The Electoral Act 1993 page on legislation.govt.nz could not be read; only Electoral Commission guidance (election day only, until 19:00) was seen.", "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: Electoral Commission guidance: election-day rules apply 'anywhere on election day ... until voting closes at 7pm'. No pre-polling-day poll blackout is described. Statute not read. | End: close of voting, 19:00 local on election day | Amendments: not checked | The statute could not be opened: legislation.govt.nz serves a bot challenge and NZLII sits behind Cloudflare. I found no evidence of a pre-election-day ban on publishing polls, but that absence is not verified. Whether publishing an existing poll on election day is caught (as a statement 'likely to influence') is unclear. | Also opened: https://elections.nz/assets/pagecomponent-file-files/Rules-once-voting-starts-Port-Waikato-By-election.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "CV", "country_name": "Cape Verde", "next_election": { "id": "cape-verde-presidential-2026", "date": "2026-11-15", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/cape-verde-presidential-2026" }, "now": { "election": "cape-verde-presidential-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-10-29T01:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-11-15T19:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-15T18:00:00-01:00", "timezone": "Atlantic/Cape_Verde", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "Código Eleitoral, art. 99.º; Lei 19/VIII/2012, art. 20.º", "rule": { "id": "cape-verde-presidential-2026", "law": "Código Eleitoral (Lei n.º 92/V/99, revisto pela Lei n.º 56/VII/2010); Lei n.º 19/VIII/2012 (regime jurídico das sondagens e inquéritos de opinião) (Electoral Code; Law 19/VIII/2012 on opinion polls and surveys)", "citation": "Código Eleitoral art. 99.º n.º 1; Lei 19/VIII/2012 (LSIO) art. 20.º n.º 1; penalty CE art. 325.º", "source": "https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/DownloadAct?id=112703", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Código Eleitoral, art. 99.º; Lei 19/VIII/2012, art. 20.º", "note": "Start: From the start of the official campaign. The CNE calendar sets 29/10/2026, which is D-17 for 15 Nov | End: close of the polling stations on election day; the CNE calendar says 18:00 on 15/11/2026 | Amendments: The CE was last revised in 2010 according to the deliberação. The run-off calendar (item 13.01) was not parsed for the poll window. | I read the Code articles as quoted verbatim inside the official CNE deliberação; I did not open a standalone Code text. The lead (29 Oct to 15 Nov 18:00) is confirmed. | Also opened: https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/DownloadAct?id=89817", "legal": { "quote": "Desde o início da campanha eleitoral e até à hora do fecho das mesas das assembleias de voto no dia marcado para as eleições, é interdita a divulgação e o comentário dos resultados de quaisquer sondagens", "gloss": "From the start of the campaign until the polling stations close on election day, disseminating or commenting on any poll results is prohibited.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "dissemination (divulgação)", "commentary (comentário)", "publication and analysis of any poll (LSIO art. 20/1)", "exit polls: not separately addressed" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Código Eleitoral art. 325: media, advertising or polling companies that publish polls outside the permitted cases are fined CVE 250,000–2,500,000 (quoted in the deliberação)", "enforcer": "Comissão Nacional de Eleições (CNE); deposit also with the ARC (media regulator)" } } }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "cape-verde-presidential-2026", "election": "cape-verde-presidential-2026", "kinds": null, "start": { "at": "2026-10-29T01:00:00Z" }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Código Eleitoral (Lei n.º 92/V/99, revisto pela Lei n.º 56/VII/2010); Lei n.º 19/VIII/2012 (regime jurídico das sondagens e inquéritos de opinião) (Electoral Code; Law 19/VIII/2012 on opinion polls and surveys)", "citation": "Código Eleitoral art. 99.º n.º 1; Lei 19/VIII/2012 (LSIO) art. 20.º n.º 1; penalty CE art. 325.º", "short": "Código Eleitoral, art. 99.º; Lei 19/VIII/2012, art. 20.º", "source": "https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/DownloadAct?id=112703", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: From the start of the official campaign. The CNE calendar sets 29/10/2026, which is D-17 for 15 Nov | End: close of the polling stations on election day; the CNE calendar says 18:00 on 15/11/2026 | Amendments: The CE was last revised in 2010 according to the deliberação. The run-off calendar (item 13.01) was not parsed for the poll window. | I read the Code articles as quoted verbatim inside the official CNE deliberação; I did not open a standalone Code text. The lead (29 Oct to 15 Nov 18:00) is confirmed. | Also opened: https://boe.incv.cv/Bulletins/DownloadAct?id=89817" } ] }, { "country": "PS", "country_name": "Palestine", "next_election": { "id": "palestine-legislative-2026", "date": "2026-11-28", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/palestine-legislative-2026" }, "now": { "election": "palestine-legislative-2026", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-11-28T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-28T19:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Asia/Hebron", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "ps", "law": "قرار بقانون رقم (1) لسنة 2007م بشأن الانتخابات العامة وتعديلاته (Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections, as amended)", "citation": "none for polls; art. 62 (campaign period)", "source": "https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/134/", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections", "note": "Start: Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections (consolidated incl. 2021 amendments) contains no provision on opinion polls or exit polls. The only pre-vote restriction is the end of campaigning 24 hours before polling (art. 62), which covers 'campaign activity', not poll publication. | Amendments: Decree-Law 1/2021 (terminology, other changes); a June 2026 decree-law amending the law was reported in the press (200 seats, women's quota, lower candidacy age) but its text was not found (Maqam lists 2026 decree-laws nos. 10 and 17 as missing from the index pages checked); Decree-Law 20/2026 (art. 51 only). The absence of a poll rule is therefore verified for the consolidated text to 2021 and for 20/2026, but not for the June 2026 amendment. | elections.ps (CEC) returned 403 to curl. The 'no ban' finding rests on searching the full consolidated text on Maqam for استطلاع and reading the campaign chapter. CEC regulations/codes of conduct for media were not found or checked. Local elections are under Decree-Law 23/2025 (text not opened). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/698/ ; https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/2140/ ; https://maqam.najah.edu/media/uploads/2026/10/legislations/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_242_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87-7.pdf ; https://maqam.najah.edu/media/uploads/2026/07/legislations/240%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF-484.pdf ; https://www.al-madina.com/ampArticle/1008730", "legal": { "quote": "تبدأ الدعاية الانتخابية قبل اثنين وعشرين يوماً من اليوم المحدد للاقتراع، وتنتهي قبل أربع وعشرين ساعة من ذلك الموعد.", "gloss": "Campaigning begins 22 days before polling day and ends 24 hours before it (art. 62; no poll provision exists)", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "no poll provision found; art. 62 bans 'any campaign activity or event' after the campaign ends 24 h before polling day, which does not mention polls" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a for polls; campaign-rule breaches may be referred by the Commission to the competent court (art. 66(11))", "enforcer": "Central Elections Commission (لجنة الانتخابات المركزية) for campaign rules" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ps", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "ps", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "قرار بقانون رقم (1) لسنة 2007م بشأن الانتخابات العامة وتعديلاته (Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections, as amended)", "citation": "none for polls; art. 62 (campaign period)", "short": "Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections", "source": "https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/134/", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: Decree-Law No. 1 of 2007 on General Elections (consolidated incl. 2021 amendments) contains no provision on opinion polls or exit polls. The only pre-vote restriction is the end of campaigning 24 hours before polling (art. 62), which covers 'campaign activity', not poll publication. | Amendments: Decree-Law 1/2021 (terminology, other changes); a June 2026 decree-law amending the law was reported in the press (200 seats, women's quota, lower candidacy age) but its text was not found (Maqam lists 2026 decree-laws nos. 10 and 17 as missing from the index pages checked); Decree-Law 20/2026 (art. 51 only). The absence of a poll rule is therefore verified for the consolidated text to 2021 and for 20/2026, but not for the June 2026 amendment. | elections.ps (CEC) returned 403 to curl. The 'no ban' finding rests on searching the full consolidated text on Maqam for استطلاع and reading the campaign chapter. CEC regulations/codes of conduct for media were not found or checked. Local elections are under Decree-Law 23/2025 (text not opened). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/698/ ; https://maqam.najah.edu/legislation/2140/ ; https://maqam.najah.edu/media/uploads/2026/10/legislations/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF_242_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%87-7.pdf ; https://maqam.najah.edu/media/uploads/2026/07/legislations/240%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%AF-484.pdf ; https://www.al-madina.com/ampArticle/1008730" } ] }, { "country": "TW", "country_name": "Taiwan", "next_election": { "id": "taiwan-referendum-2026", "date": "2026-11-28", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/taiwan-referendum-2026" }, "now": { "election": "taiwan-referendum-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 10, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-11-17T16:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-11-28T08:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-28T16:00:00+08:00", "timezone": "Asia/Taipei", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "公職人員選舉罷免法 第53條 (Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, art. 53)", "rule": { "id": "tw", "law": "公職人員選舉罷免法；總統副總統選舉罷免法 (Civil Servants Election and Recall Act; Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act)", "citation": "Civil Servants Election and Recall Act art. 53(3); Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act art. 52(3)", "source": "https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000292", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "公職人員選舉罷免法 第53條 (Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, art. 53)", "note": "Start: '自投票日前十日起至投票時間截止前' = from the 10th day before polling day until the close of voting; read as 00:00 on D-10. | End: Close of voting time ('投票時間截止前'); voting hours are not fixed in the Act (set by the CEC announcement, not verified) | Amendments: Civil Servants Act amended 2026-07-01 and Presidential Act 2026-08-19 per the CEC database headers (content of those amendments not checked; the current text is as quoted). A judicial document surfaced in search says an earlier version (2016) only barred reporting of polls released during the blackout, and the later wording made reporting/citing independent acts (not opened). | law.moj.gov.tw timed out from this machine (curl and WebFetch); the CEC's own law database (law.cec.gov.tw) was used instead. The referendum on 2026-11-28 has no poll blackout under the Referendum Act; if local elections fall on the same day, the Civil Servants Act ban would apply to them. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000293 ; https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000290", "legal": { "quote": "政黨及任何人自投票日前十日起至投票時間截止前，不得以任何方式，發布、報導、散布、評論或引述前二項資料。", "gloss": "From 10 days before polling day until voting closes, no party or person may in any way publish, report, disseminate, comment on or cite the poll data in the two preceding paragraphs.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication (發布)", "reporting (報導)", "dissemination (散布)", "commentary (評論)", "citing/quoting (引述)", "covers polls published before the blackout as well ('前二項資料': all poll data under paras 1-2)", "also 'other election materials having the appearance of a poll' (具民意調查外觀之選舉罷免資料)", "exit polls not mentioned separately" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [ "During the blackout: none stated. Before the blackout, para. 2 exempts parties/candidates' own estimates ('自行推估者') from the disclosure requirements; that exemption is not repeated for the 10-day ban." ], "penalty": "Civil Servants Act art. 110(6): parties, candidates and their agents NT$200,000-2,000,000; others NT$100,000-1,000,000; art. 110(8) also fines the representative of a party/legal entity. Presidential Act art. 96(6) and (8): same amounts.", "enforcer": "Election commissions impose the fines (Civil Servants Act art. 130; Presidential Act art. 113)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "tw", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 10 }, "rules": [ { "id": "tw", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 10 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "公職人員選舉罷免法；總統副總統選舉罷免法 (Civil Servants Election and Recall Act; Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act)", "citation": "Civil Servants Election and Recall Act art. 53(3); Presidential and Vice Presidential Election and Recall Act art. 52(3)", "short": "公職人員選舉罷免法 第53條 (Civil Servants Election and Recall Act, art. 53)", "source": "https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000292", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: '自投票日前十日起至投票時間截止前' = from the 10th day before polling day until the close of voting; read as 00:00 on D-10. | End: Close of voting time ('投票時間截止前'); voting hours are not fixed in the Act (set by the CEC announcement, not verified) | Amendments: Civil Servants Act amended 2026-07-01 and Presidential Act 2026-08-19 per the CEC database headers (content of those amendments not checked; the current text is as quoted). A judicial document surfaced in search says an earlier version (2016) only barred reporting of polls released during the blackout, and the later wording made reporting/citing independent acts (not opened). | law.moj.gov.tw timed out from this machine (curl and WebFetch); the CEC's own law database (law.cec.gov.tw) was used instead. The referendum on 2026-11-28 has no poll blackout under the Referendum Act; if local elections fall on the same day, the Civil Servants Act ban would apply to them. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000293 ; https://law.cec.gov.tw/LawContent.aspx?id=GL000290" } ] }, { "country": "ES", "country_name": "Spain", "next_election": { "id": "spain-general-2026", "date": "2026-11-29", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/spain-general-2026" }, "now": { "election": "spain-general-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 5, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-11-23T23:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-11-29T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-29T21:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Madrid", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "LOREG, art. 69.7", "rule": { "id": "es", "law": "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (LOREG) (Organic Law 5/1985 on the General Electoral Regime)", "citation": "art. 69.7 LOREG; arts. 145, 153.2", "source": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "LOREG, art. 69.7", "note": "Start: 'Durante los cinco días anteriores al de la votación' = from 00:00 on D-5 | End: Literally the end of D-1 (the five days *before* polling day). Polling-day publication before the polls close is not addressed by art. 69.7; I did not verify the JEC's treatment of polling day or of exit polls (the Canaries close an hour later) | Amendments: Para. 7 amended by LO 2/2011 (BOE-A-2011-1639). The art. 69 version is in force from 02/02/2024. | Article number confirmed: 69.7 (the lead was right).", "legal": { "quote": "Durante los cinco días anteriores al de la votación queda prohibida la publicación y difusión o reproducción de sondeos electorales por cualquier medio de comunicación.", "gloss": "During the five days before polling day, publishing, disseminating or reproducing electoral polls by any media is prohibited.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication", "dissemination", "reproduction (added 2011) of electoral polls by any media outlet" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "art. 153.2: fine of EUR 3,000–30,000 for breaches of the poll regime; art. 145: offence of breaching poll rules, 3 months to 1 year in prison plus a fine and disqualification", "enforcer": "Junta Electoral Central (art. 69.2, 69.6, 153)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "es", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 5 }, "rules": [ { "id": "es", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 5 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Ley Orgánica 5/1985, de 19 de junio, del Régimen Electoral General (LOREG) (Organic Law 5/1985 on the General Electoral Regime)", "citation": "art. 69.7 LOREG; arts. 145, 153.2", "short": "LOREG, art. 69.7", "source": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: 'Durante los cinco días anteriores al de la votación' = from 00:00 on D-5 | End: Literally the end of D-1 (the five days *before* polling day). Polling-day publication before the polls close is not addressed by art. 69.7; I did not verify the JEC's treatment of polling day or of exit polls (the Canaries close an hour later) | Amendments: Para. 7 amended by LO 2/2011 (BOE-A-2011-1639). The art. 69 version is in force from 02/02/2024. | Article number confirmed: 69.7 (the lead was right)." } ] }, { "country": "CH", "country_name": "Switzerland", "next_election": { "id": "switzerland-referendum-2026-11", "date": "2026-11-29", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/switzerland-referendum-2026-11" }, "now": { "election": "switzerland-referendum-2026-11", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-11-29T11:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-11-29T12:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Zurich", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "ch", "law": "Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte (BPR), SR 161.1 (Federal Act on Political Rights)", "citation": "none", "source": "https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1978/688_688_688/20221023/de/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1978-688_688_688-20221023-de-html-11.html", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte (BPR)", "note": "Start: The Federal Act on Political Rights contains no rule on opinion polls. A federal body (UBI) states that Parliament rejected a ban and statutory rules, and that the industry sets the rules; the industry rule is no poll publication in the 10 days before the vote (self-regulation, not law). | The 'no federal ban' finding rests on searching the full BPR text. The industry rule is cited from a 2011 UBI document; the current VSMS/press-industry text was not found or opened. Cantonal law was not surveyed (cantonal elections and votes have their own laws). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.ubi.admin.ch/inhalte/pdf/Dokumentation/Referate/Referate_DE/Medienkonferenz11_Referat_Blum_2.pdf", "legal": { "quote": "Das Schweizer Parlament hat es abgelehnt, Meinungsumfragen vor Wahlen und Abstimmungen zu verbieten ... Mithin definiert weiterhin die Branche die Spielregeln.", "gloss": "Parliament refused to ban opinion polls before elections and votes ... so the industry continues to set the rules.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "no legal ban; industry rule (per UBI 2011): no publication of 'demoskopische Analysen' in the 10 days before the vote" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "none (no statutory ban)", "enforcer": "none statutory; industry associations (VSMS/swiss interview) and media self-regulation" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ch", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "ch", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte (BPR), SR 161.1 (Federal Act on Political Rights)", "citation": "none", "short": "Bundesgesetz über die politischen Rechte (BPR)", "source": "https://fedlex.data.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/cc/1978/688_688_688/20221023/de/html/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-cc-1978-688_688_688-20221023-de-html-11.html", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The Federal Act on Political Rights contains no rule on opinion polls. A federal body (UBI) states that Parliament rejected a ban and statutory rules, and that the industry sets the rules; the industry rule is no poll publication in the 10 days before the vote (self-regulation, not law). | The 'no federal ban' finding rests on searching the full BPR text. The industry rule is cited from a 2011 UBI document; the current VSMS/press-industry text was not found or opened. Cantonal law was not surveyed (cantonal elections and votes have their own laws). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.ubi.admin.ch/inhalte/pdf/Dokumentation/Referate/Referate_DE/Medienkonferenz11_Referat_Blum_2.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "GM", "country_name": "Gambia", "next_election": { "id": "gambia-presidential-2026", "date": "2026-12-05", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/gambia-presidential-2026" }, "now": { "election": "gambia-presidential-2026", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-12-05T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-12-05T17:00:00+00:00", "timezone": "Africa/Banjul", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "gm", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Elections Act, 2025 (in force; text not obtained); previously Elections Act Cap. 3:01 (Elections Decree No. 78 of 1996, as amended) (same)", "citation": "none found (old Act: campaign/media provisions ss.85-96 checked; s.88 ends campaign activity when the campaign period ends, but says nothing on polls)", "short": null, "source": "https://iec.gm/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Elections-Decree-78-of-1996.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "The Elections Act 2025 now in force could not be obtained; only the 1996 Decree was read, and it has no poll provision.", "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: No poll-publication provision found in the only primary electoral-law text I could open (Elections Decree 78 of 1996, i.e. the Elections Act Cap. 3:01 as originally made). The law now in force is the Elections Act 2025 (assent reported Nov 2025), whose text I could not obtain, so the current position is unverified. | Amendments: Elections Act 2025 (Elections Bill passed by the National Assembly Sept 2025, 23-14; presidential assent reported Nov 2025) repeals and replaces Cap. 3:01. Text not found on assembly.gm (I scanned titles of documents 1-470), iec.gm (download pages and the WordPress media library) or moj.gov.gm. | The current statute could not be read, so a poll rule in the 2025 Act cannot be ruled out. Blocked or unavailable: iec.gm returns 403 to a bare UA but loads with a full browser UA; gambialii domains do not resolve; Election (Amendment) Act 2017 on assembly.gm (document 44) is a scanned PDF with no text layer and was not read. Next step: obtain the 2025 Act (Government Printer / Official Gazette) and search 'opinion poll'. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://iec.gm/ova_sev/elections-media-rules/ ; https://assembly.gm/documents/360/download ; https://www.ndi.org/sites/default/files/2026-08/Gambia-PEAM-Statement-2026-08.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "GW", "country_name": "Guinea-Bissau", "next_election": { "id": "guinea-bissau-general-2026", "date": "2026-12-06", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/guinea-bissau-general-2026" }, "now": { "election": "guinea-bissau-general-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 22, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-11-14T00:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-12-06T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-12-06T17:00:00+00:00", "timezone": "Africa/Bissau", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "Lei 10/2013, art. 33.º", "rule": { "id": "gw", "law": "Lei n.º 10/2013, de 25 de setembro, Lei Eleitoral para o Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular (Law No. 10/2013 of 25 September 2013, Electoral Law for the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly)", "citation": "Art. 33 (ban), Art. 28 (campaign period), Art. 158 (penalty), Lei n.º 10/2013", "source": "https://cne.gw/images/PDF/legislacaoeleitoal.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Lei 10/2013, art. 33.º", "note": "Start: Art. 33 bans poll publication 'durante o período da campanha eleitoral'. Art. 28 says the campaign 'é aberta 21 dias antes da data que antecede eleições', i.e. 21 days before the day before polling day = D-22. A looser reading (21 days before polling day, D-21) would give 15 Nov 2026. Campaign dates are in practice fixed in the CNE calendar, which I did not find. | End: 'até ao dia imediato ao da realização das eleições': through the day after polling day (7 Dec 2026). The text does not say whether the ban lifts at the start or the end of that day; it is not tied to close of polls (polls close 17:00, art. 69). | Quote truncated; the article continues 'é proibida a divulgação de resultados de sondagens ou inquéritos relativos a atitude dos eleitores perante os concorrentes'. Art. 157 separately punishes campaign propaganda on polling day and the day before. For a run-off, the same art. 33 wording would apply to its campaign period. The old CNE domain cneguinebissau.org no longer resolves; cne.gw works. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cne.gw/legislacao", "legal": { "quote": "Durante o período da campanha eleitoral até ao dia imediato ao da realização das eleições é proibida a divulgação de resultados de sondagens ou inquéritos", "gloss": "From the campaign period until the day after the election, publishing the results of polls or surveys of voters' attitudes towards the contestants is prohibited.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication/dissemination ('divulgação') of results of polls or surveys ('sondagens ou inquéritos') on voters' attitudes towards the contestants", "exit polls: not named separately, but a survey of voter attitude disseminated on or the day after polling day falls within the wording", "commentary on or analysis of earlier polls: not mentioned", "conducting polls: not prohibited, only dissemination of results" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Art. 158: imprisonment of six months to one year or a fine ('pena de prisão de seis meses a um ano ou pena de multa')", "enforcer": "Criminal courts (art. 158 offence); the Comissão Nacional de Eleições (CNE) oversees the process; the law names no specific enforcer for art. 33" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "gw", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 22 }, "rules": [ { "id": "gw", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 22 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Lei n.º 10/2013, de 25 de setembro, Lei Eleitoral para o Presidente da República e Assembleia Nacional Popular (Law No. 10/2013 of 25 September 2013, Electoral Law for the President of the Republic and the National People's Assembly)", "citation": "Art. 33 (ban), Art. 28 (campaign period), Art. 158 (penalty), Lei n.º 10/2013", "short": "Lei 10/2013, art. 33.º", "source": "https://cne.gw/images/PDF/legislacaoeleitoal.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: Art. 33 bans poll publication 'durante o período da campanha eleitoral'. Art. 28 says the campaign 'é aberta 21 dias antes da data que antecede eleições', i.e. 21 days before the day before polling day = D-22. A looser reading (21 days before polling day, D-21) would give 15 Nov 2026. Campaign dates are in practice fixed in the CNE calendar, which I did not find. | End: 'até ao dia imediato ao da realização das eleições': through the day after polling day (7 Dec 2026). The text does not say whether the ban lifts at the start or the end of that day; it is not tied to close of polls (polls close 17:00, art. 69). | Quote truncated; the article continues 'é proibida a divulgação de resultados de sondagens ou inquéritos relativos a atitude dos eleitores perante os concorrentes'. Art. 157 separately punishes campaign propaganda on polling day and the day before. For a run-off, the same art. 33 wording would apply to its campaign period. The old CNE domain cneguinebissau.org no longer resolves; cne.gw works. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cne.gw/legislacao" } ] }, { "country": "HT", "country_name": "Haiti", "next_election": { "id": "haiti-general-2026", "date": "2026-12-13", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/haiti-general-2026" }, "now": { "election": "haiti-general-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 1, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-12-12T05:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-12-13T21:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-12-13T16:00:00-05:00", "timezone": "America/Port-au-Prince", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "Décret électoral du 2 juin 2026, art. 217", "rule": { "id": "ht", "law": "Décret électoral du 2 juin 2026 (Le Moniteur, Spécial N° 27, 2 juin 2026), modifié par le Décret du 2 juillet 2026 (Spécial N° 34) (Electoral Decree of 2 June 2026, as amended 2 July 2026)", "citation": "Art. 217 (ban), art. 216 (methodology/sponsor disclosure), art. 347 (penalty)", "source": "https://cephaiti.ht/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/decret-electoral-.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Décret électoral du 2 juin 2026, art. 217", "note": "Start: 'Au cours de la journée qui précède le scrutin jusqu'à la fermeture des urnes' = from the start (00:00) of the day before polling day until the polls close. | End: Close of the urns ('fermeture des urnes'); voting runs 06:00 to 16:00 (art. 230) | Amendments: Decree of 2 July 2026 amended other articles, not the poll provisions. An earlier electoral decree of 1 December 2025 is referred to in press/CEP material (not opened). | The decree PDF is a scan with no text layer; the provisions were read from the page images. Article numbers differ from the April 2026 draft (draft 235/236/395 = published 216/217/347). The penalty article covers polling day only, so the preceding day has a ban without a matching penalty in art. 347 as read. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cephaiti.ht/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Special-N-34-DECRET-MODIFIANT-LE-DA_CRET-A_LECTORAL-DU-2-JUIN-2026.pdf ; https://cephaiti.ht/decret-electoral-du-2-juin-2026/ ; https://lequotidien509.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/projet-de-decret-electoral-2026-avril-2026.pdf", "legal": { "quote": "Au cours de la journée qui précède le scrutin jusqu'à la fermeture des urnes : 1. aucune personne ni entité ne peut publier des pronostics électoraux", "gloss": "From the day before the vote until the urns close, no person or entity may publish electoral forecasts", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication of 'pronostics électoraux' about the campaign and the conduct of the vote by any person or entity", "publication by any media of forecasts made by anyone", "the text says 'pronostics' (forecasts), not 'sondages'; whether polls count as forecasts is not defined (art. 216 separately requires pollsters to publish methodology and sponsors)", "exit polls not mentioned" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Art. 347: 6 months to 1 year imprisonment and a fine of HTG 75,000-100,000 for publishing forecasts about the conduct of the vote 'le jour du scrutin' (the penalty text names polling day only, not the preceding day covered by art. 217). Penalties are imposed by the Tribunal Criminel without jury (art. 376); prosecution on complaint of the CEP or any citizen (art. 375) - these two articles sit in the following chapter and their scope over art. 347 was not checked.", "enforcer": "CEP (complaints) and judicial authorities (Tribunal Criminel)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ht", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 1 }, "rules": [ { "id": "ht", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 1 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Décret électoral du 2 juin 2026 (Le Moniteur, Spécial N° 27, 2 juin 2026), modifié par le Décret du 2 juillet 2026 (Spécial N° 34) (Electoral Decree of 2 June 2026, as amended 2 July 2026)", "citation": "Art. 217 (ban), art. 216 (methodology/sponsor disclosure), art. 347 (penalty)", "short": "Décret électoral du 2 juin 2026, art. 217", "source": "https://cephaiti.ht/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/decret-electoral-.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: 'Au cours de la journée qui précède le scrutin jusqu'à la fermeture des urnes' = from the start (00:00) of the day before polling day until the polls close. | End: Close of the urns ('fermeture des urnes'); voting runs 06:00 to 16:00 (art. 230) | Amendments: Decree of 2 July 2026 amended other articles, not the poll provisions. An earlier electoral decree of 1 December 2025 is referred to in press/CEP material (not opened). | The decree PDF is a scan with no text layer; the provisions were read from the page images. Article numbers differ from the April 2026 draft (draft 235/236/395 = published 216/217/347). The penalty article covers polling day only, so the preceding day has a ban without a matching penalty in art. 347 as read. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cephaiti.ht/wp-content/uploads/2026/07/Special-N-34-DECRET-MODIFIANT-LE-DA_CRET-A_LECTORAL-DU-2-JUIN-2026.pdf ; https://cephaiti.ht/decret-electoral-du-2-juin-2026/ ; https://lequotidien509.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/projet-de-decret-electoral-2026-avril-2026.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "SS", "country_name": "South Sudan", "next_election": { "id": "south-sudan-general-2026", "date": "2026-12-22", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/south-sudan-general-2026" }, "now": { "election": "south-sudan-general-2026", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2026-12-22T15:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-12-22T17:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Africa/Juba", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "ss", "law": "The National Elections Act, 2012 (Act No. 39), as amended by the National Elections Act, 2012 (Amendment) Act, 2023 and an amendment signed in September 2026 (same)", "citation": "none; checked ss.87-90 and 141-142 (2012) and the 2023 replacements ss.80-84", "source": "https://mofaic.gov.ss/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/National-Elections-Act-39-of-2012.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "National Elections Act 2012", "note": "Start: Neither the National Elections Act 2012 nor its campaign and media sections as rewritten by the 2023 Amendment Act contain any rule on opinion polls. The only time-bound rule is a campaign silence: no campaign activity in the 24 hours before polling starts or during polling (2012 s.87(2); 2023 renumbered s.80(3)). It does not mention polls. | Amendments: 2023 Amendment Act (signed Sept 2023) renumbered and restructured the Act. A further amendment was signed by President Kiir in September 2026 (reported; it removes links between the elections and a permanent constitution/census). Its text was not found or read. | The verification covers the 2012 text and the campaign/media sections of the 2023 amendment. I did not read every page of the scanned 2023 amendment (no OCR available), nor the September 2026 amendment, so a poll provision elsewhere in those texts is not excluded. The 'verified-primary' rating is for the absence of a rule in the texts read. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://nec.gov.ss/national-legislation/ ; https://nec.gov.ss/download/nea-amendment-act-2023/", "legal": { "quote": "No person, party or group shall be permitted to carry out any activity related to a campaign during the 24 hours preceding the start of polling, or during the polling", "gloss": "(campaign silence, not a poll rule) 2012 s.87(2) / 2023 s.80(3)", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a", "enforcer": "National Elections Commission; media monitoring by the Media Regulatory body / Campaign Media Committee (s.90, 2023 s.83). No poll rule to enforce." } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ss", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "ss", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "The National Elections Act, 2012 (Act No. 39), as amended by the National Elections Act, 2012 (Amendment) Act, 2023 and an amendment signed in September 2026 (same)", "citation": "none; checked ss.87-90 and 141-142 (2012) and the 2023 replacements ss.80-84", "short": "National Elections Act 2012", "source": "https://mofaic.gov.ss/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/National-Elections-Act-39-of-2012.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: Neither the National Elections Act 2012 nor its campaign and media sections as rewritten by the 2023 Amendment Act contain any rule on opinion polls. The only time-bound rule is a campaign silence: no campaign activity in the 24 hours before polling starts or during polling (2012 s.87(2); 2023 renumbered s.80(3)). It does not mention polls. | Amendments: 2023 Amendment Act (signed Sept 2023) renumbered and restructured the Act. A further amendment was signed by President Kiir in September 2026 (reported; it removes links between the elections and a permanent constitution/census). Its text was not found or read. | The verification covers the 2012 text and the campaign/media sections of the 2023 amendment. I did not read every page of the scanned 2023 amendment (no OCR available), nor the September 2026 amendment, so a poll provision elsewhere in those texts is not excluded. The 'verified-primary' rating is for the absence of a rule in the texts read. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://nec.gov.ss/national-legislation/ ; https://nec.gov.ss/download/nea-amendment-act-2023/" } ] }, { "country": "RS", "country_name": "Serbia", "next_election": { "id": "serbia-presidential-2026", "date": "2026-12-27", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/serbia-presidential-2026" }, "now": { "election": "serbia-presidential-2026", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 2, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2026-12-24T23:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2026-12-27T19:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2026-12-27T20:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Belgrade", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika, čl. 6", "rule": { "id": "rs", "law": "Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika (\"Službeni glasnik RS\", br. 14/22, amended 47/26) (Law on the Election of Members of Parliament)", "citation": "Art. 6 para. 3-4 and art. 170 Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika; applied to presidential elections via art. 8 Zakon o izboru predsednika Republike", "source": "https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/41907/Zakon%20o%20izboru%20narodnih%20poslanika%20lat.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika, čl. 6", "note": "Start: '48 časova pre dana glasanja' = 48 hours before the day of voting, i.e. from 00:00 two days before polling day (D-2 00:00), through polling day until polling stations close. | End: Close of polling stations on polling day ('do zatvaranja biračkih mesta'); voting runs 07:00-20:00 (art. 91 ZINP: 'Glasanje traje neprekidno od 7.00 do 20.00 časova'), so normally 20:00 local | Amendments: Law adopted 2022 (14/22); amended 2026 (47/26, per Paragraf listing; the bill text opened does not change arts. 6 or 170). The 2022 law repealed the 2000 law, where the same rule sat in art. 5(3). | Serbia's parliamentary polling day is today (2026-10-25), so the ban is currently running. The rule covers 'estimates of election results', not polls by name; ban on polls is an interpretation. The consolidated text with 47/26 was not opened (pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs not tried). Local elections are under a separate law (not checked). | Also opened: https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/41925/Zakon%20o%20izboru%20predsednika%20Republike%20lat.pdf ; https://www.parlament.gov.rs/upload/archive/files/lat/pdf/predlozi_zakona/14_saziv/1551-26%20-%20lat.pdf ; https://www.parlament.gov.rs/upload/archive/files/lat/pdf/zakoni/14_saziv/1553-26-LAT..pdf ; https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/326038/HRV_6.%20Zakon%20o%20izboru%20narodnih%20poslanika_latinica.pdf", "legal": { "quote": "Zabranjeno je 48 časova pre dana glasanja i na dan glasanja do zatvaranja biračkih mesta da se u medijima i na javnim skupovima objavljuju procene rezultata izbora", "gloss": "It is forbidden, 48 hours before polling day and on polling day until polling stations close, to publish estimates of election results in the media and at public rallies", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication of 'procene rezultata izbora' (estimates of election results) in the media and at public rallies; the text does not use the word 'anketa' (poll), so whether pre-election opinion polls as such are covered depends on reading 'procene rezultata' as including poll-based estimates (not verified by any ruling)", "public presentation of candidates and programmes", "calls to vote / not vote for particular lists" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Art. 170 ZINP ('Kršenje pravila o izbornoj tišini'), misdemeanour: legal entity RSD 100,000-600,000; responsible person in the medium RSD 50,000-150,000; responsible person in a legal entity RSD 20,000-50,000; natural person RSD 10,000-40,000", "enforcer": "Misdemeanour proceedings (prekršaj); the law does not name the prosecuting body in art. 170 (not verified)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "rs", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 2 }, "rules": [ { "id": "rs", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 2 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika (\"Službeni glasnik RS\", br. 14/22, amended 47/26) (Law on the Election of Members of Parliament)", "citation": "Art. 6 para. 3-4 and art. 170 Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika; applied to presidential elections via art. 8 Zakon o izboru predsednika Republike", "short": "Zakon o izboru narodnih poslanika, čl. 6", "source": "https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/41907/Zakon%20o%20izboru%20narodnih%20poslanika%20lat.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: '48 časova pre dana glasanja' = 48 hours before the day of voting, i.e. from 00:00 two days before polling day (D-2 00:00), through polling day until polling stations close. | End: Close of polling stations on polling day ('do zatvaranja biračkih mesta'); voting runs 07:00-20:00 (art. 91 ZINP: 'Glasanje traje neprekidno od 7.00 do 20.00 časova'), so normally 20:00 local | Amendments: Law adopted 2022 (14/22); amended 2026 (47/26, per Paragraf listing; the bill text opened does not change arts. 6 or 170). The 2022 law repealed the 2000 law, where the same rule sat in art. 5(3). | Serbia's parliamentary polling day is today (2026-10-25), so the ban is currently running. The rule covers 'estimates of election results', not polls by name; ban on polls is an interpretation. The consolidated text with 47/26 was not opened (pravno-informacioni-sistem.rs not tried). Local elections are under a separate law (not checked). | Also opened: https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/41925/Zakon%20o%20izboru%20predsednika%20Republike%20lat.pdf ; https://www.parlament.gov.rs/upload/archive/files/lat/pdf/predlozi_zakona/14_saziv/1551-26%20-%20lat.pdf ; https://www.parlament.gov.rs/upload/archive/files/lat/pdf/zakoni/14_saziv/1553-26-LAT..pdf ; https://www.rik.parlament.gov.rs/extfile/sr/326038/HRV_6.%20Zakon%20o%20izboru%20narodnih%20poslanika_latinica.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "NG", "country_name": "Nigeria", "next_election": { "id": "nigeria-general-2027", "date": "2027-01-16", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/nigeria-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "nigeria-general-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-01-16T13:30:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-01-16T14:30:00+01:00", "timezone": "Africa/Lagos", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "ng", "law": "Electoral Act, 2026 (Act No. 1 of 2026; Official Gazette No. 40, Vol. 113, 2 March 2026; commencement 18 February 2026) (same)", "citation": "none poll-specific; s.98 (campaign ends 24 hours before polling day), s.100 (24-hour material blackout), s.154 (repeal of 2022 Act)", "source": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/download/11248", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Electoral Act 2026", "note": "Start: The Electoral Act 2026 (which repealed the Electoral Act 2022, s.154) has no opinion-poll provision. The lead about 's.92, opinion polls, 24 hours' matches s.100 of the 2026 Act. It bans broadcasting or publishing 'any material for the purpose of promoting or opposing a particular political party or the election of a particular candidate' within 24 hours before or on polling day. That is a general campaign-material blackout that does not mention polls. Whether publishing a poll is 'promoting or opposing' a candidate is untested. | Amendments: Electoral Act 2026, signed 18 Feb 2026, repealed the Electoral Act No. 13 of 2022 (s.154) | News reports in search results (not opened, so not cited) say the NBC Broadcasting Code bars broadcasters from using exit polls or polling-station counts to predict outcomes, and from airing partisan material in the final 24 hours (sections cited as 5.2.12 or 5.3.3(j) depending on edition). The NBC site (nbc.gov.ng) was showing a maintenance page, so the Code text was not checked. That broadcaster-only rule is a lead for verification and is not part of the electoral law. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending.", "legal": { "quote": "Any person, print or electronic medium that broadcasts, publishes, advertises or circulates any material for the purpose of promoting or opposing a particular political party ... within 24 hours immediately preceding or on polling day commits an offence", "gloss": "(s.100(1), general campaign-material blackout, not a poll rule)", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "(s.100, general) broadcasting, publishing, advertising or circulating material promoting or opposing a party or candidate, in any print or electronic media; polls not mentioned" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "s.100(3) (general material): body corporate fine N3,000,000-N5,000,000; individual fine N3,000,000-N5,000,000 or six months' imprisonment or both. No poll-specific penalty.", "enforcer": "INEC (electoral offences); the National Broadcasting Commission (NBC) enforces the Broadcasting Code for broadcasters" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ng", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "ng", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Electoral Act, 2026 (Act No. 1 of 2026; Official Gazette No. 40, Vol. 113, 2 March 2026; commencement 18 February 2026) (same)", "citation": "none poll-specific; s.98 (campaign ends 24 hours before polling day), s.100 (24-hour material blackout), s.154 (repeal of 2022 Act)", "short": "Electoral Act 2026", "source": "https://nass.gov.ng/documents/download/11248", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The Electoral Act 2026 (which repealed the Electoral Act 2022, s.154) has no opinion-poll provision. The lead about 's.92, opinion polls, 24 hours' matches s.100 of the 2026 Act. It bans broadcasting or publishing 'any material for the purpose of promoting or opposing a particular political party or the election of a particular candidate' within 24 hours before or on polling day. That is a general campaign-material blackout that does not mention polls. Whether publishing a poll is 'promoting or opposing' a candidate is untested. | Amendments: Electoral Act 2026, signed 18 Feb 2026, repealed the Electoral Act No. 13 of 2022 (s.154) | News reports in search results (not opened, so not cited) say the NBC Broadcasting Code bars broadcasters from using exit polls or polling-station counts to predict outcomes, and from airing partisan material in the final 24 hours (sections cited as 5.2.12 or 5.3.3(j) depending on edition). The NBC site (nbc.gov.ng) was showing a maintenance page, so the Code text was not checked. That broadcaster-only rule is a lead for verification and is not part of the electoral law. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending." } ] }, { "country": "KG", "country_name": "Kyrgyzstan", "next_election": { "id": "kyrgyzstan-presidential-2027", "date": "2027-01-27", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/kyrgyzstan-presidential-2027" }, "now": { "election": "kyrgyzstan-presidential-2027", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 5, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-01-21T18:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-01-27T14:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-01-27T20:00:00+06:00", "timezone": "Asia/Bishkek", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "Constitutional Law No. 68 of 2011, art. 22", "rule": { "id": "kg", "law": "Конституционный Закон КР от 2 июля 2011 года № 68 «О выборах Президента Кыргызской Республики и депутатов Жогорку Кенеша Кыргызской Республики» (Constitutional Law of 2 July 2011 No. 68 on Elections of the President and Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic)", "citation": "Art. 22(4)-(7) of the Constitutional Law (current edition 28.07.2026); Code of Offences Arts. 65 and 455", "source": "https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/203244", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Constitutional Law No. 68 of 2011, art. 22", "note": "Start: 'В последние 5 календарных дней до дня голосования, а также в день голосования': the last 5 calendar days before polling day plus polling day itself. Read as 00:00 on D-5 (for 27 Jan: 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 Jan, then 27 Jan). | End: End of polling day ('а также в день голосования': the whole day, so read as 24:00 local on polling day, not the 20:00 close of polls. Voting runs 8:00 to 20:00 under Art. 31(1).) | Amendments: The 5-day wording is the same in the 2011 original and in the 2017 edition, both of which cover mass media only. 'интернет-изданиях' first appears in the 08.08.2019 edition (Law No. 116 of 8 Aug 2019). Art. 22(6) is unchanged from 2019 to the 28.07.2026 edition. Art. 22 as a whole was last amended by Laws of 5 Feb 2026 No. 11 and 28 Jul 2026 No. 135, which did not change part 6. Code of Offences Art. 65 was reworded by Law of 14 Jul 2026 No. 110. | The same Constitutional Law governs Jogorku Kenesh elections, so the rule applies to both. Art. 22(5) requires every published poll to state the pollster, fieldwork dates, sample size, method, region, question wording, margin of error and sponsor. Election-day paid political advertising is banned separately, on polling day and the day before. Local-council elections fall under a separate law, not checked. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/api/v1/GetDocument?DocumentCode=203244 ; https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/api/v1/GetEdition?editionId=60031&lang=ru", "legal": { "quote": "В последние 5 календарных дней до дня голосования, а также в день голосования опубликование (освещение) в средствах массовой информации, интернет-изданиях результатов опросов общественного мнения, прогнозов результатов выборов ... не допускается.", "gloss": "In the last 5 calendar days before polling day, and on polling day, publication in mass media and internet publications of opinion-poll results and election forecasts is not permitted.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication/coverage (опубликование (освещение)) of opinion-poll results", "forecasts of election results (прогнозов результатов выборов)", "other election-related research (иных исследований, связанных с выборами)", "applies to mass media and internet publications (средствах массовой информации, интернет-изданиях); Art. 22(6) does not name private individuals, although Art. 22(5) applies the poll-disclosure rules to 'граждане и организации'", "exit polls: not named separately; the ban runs through polling day, so it reaches them as 'иных исследований'. That is an inference.", "commentary on earlier polls: not addressed explicitly" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Art. 22(7): breach of parts 5 and 6 makes the materials count as campaign material (агитационными) and brings 'ответственность, предусмотренную действующим законодательством'. The Code of Offences (No. 128 of 28.10.2021), Art. 65, fines breaches of the campaign conditions set by election law: 100 settlement units (расчетных показателей) for individuals and 280 for legal entities when committed by a mass-media outlet; 75 for voters, observers, candidates and their agents; 200/650 for parties. Linking Art. 22(7) to Art. 65 is my reading; neither text cross-references the other.", "enforcer": "Central Commission for Elections and Referenda (ЦИК) and election commissions, which hear Code of Offences Art. 65 cases (Code Art. 455)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "kg", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 5 }, "rules": [ { "id": "kg", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 5 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Конституционный Закон КР от 2 июля 2011 года № 68 «О выборах Президента Кыргызской Республики и депутатов Жогорку Кенеша Кыргызской Республики» (Constitutional Law of 2 July 2011 No. 68 on Elections of the President and Deputies of the Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic)", "citation": "Art. 22(4)-(7) of the Constitutional Law (current edition 28.07.2026); Code of Offences Arts. 65 and 455", "short": "Constitutional Law No. 68 of 2011, art. 22", "source": "https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/act/view/ru-ru/203244", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: 'В последние 5 календарных дней до дня голосования, а также в день голосования': the last 5 calendar days before polling day plus polling day itself. Read as 00:00 on D-5 (for 27 Jan: 22, 23, 24, 25 and 26 Jan, then 27 Jan). | End: End of polling day ('а также в день голосования': the whole day, so read as 24:00 local on polling day, not the 20:00 close of polls. Voting runs 8:00 to 20:00 under Art. 31(1).) | Amendments: The 5-day wording is the same in the 2011 original and in the 2017 edition, both of which cover mass media only. 'интернет-изданиях' first appears in the 08.08.2019 edition (Law No. 116 of 8 Aug 2019). Art. 22(6) is unchanged from 2019 to the 28.07.2026 edition. Art. 22 as a whole was last amended by Laws of 5 Feb 2026 No. 11 and 28 Jul 2026 No. 135, which did not change part 6. Code of Offences Art. 65 was reworded by Law of 14 Jul 2026 No. 110. | The same Constitutional Law governs Jogorku Kenesh elections, so the rule applies to both. Art. 22(5) requires every published poll to state the pollster, fieldwork dates, sample size, method, region, question wording, margin of error and sponsor. Election-day paid political advertising is banned separately, on polling day and the day before. Local-council elections fall under a separate law, not checked. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/api/v1/GetDocument?DocumentCode=203244 ; https://cbd.minjust.gov.kg/api/v1/GetEdition?editionId=60031&lang=ru" } ] }, { "country": "FJ", "country_name": "Fiji", "next_election": { "id": "fiji-general-2027", "date": "2027-02-06", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/fiji-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "fiji-general-2027", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 7, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-01-29T12:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-02-06T06:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-02-06T18:00:00+12:00", "timezone": "Pacific/Fiji", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "Electoral Act 2014, s.110", "rule": { "id": "fj", "law": "Electoral Act 2014 (Act No. 11 of 2014)", "citation": "s110 (Restrictions on opinion polls); also s110A (guidelines), s146(1)(c) (polling near polling stations), s2 (definition of publish)", "source": "https://www.feo.org.fj/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Electoral-Act-2014.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Electoral Act 2014, s.110", "note": "Start: s110(1): unlawful to publish 'on any day during the 7 days prior to the polling day'. Read as the seven calendar days D-7..D-1, so the ban starts at 00:00 on D-7, and continues on polling day until close of polling at all polling stations. | End: Close of polling at all polling stations on polling day ('until the close of polling at all polling stations'), i.e. the last station nationally | Amendments: Electoral (Amendment) Bill 2022 (Bill No. 49/2022) inserted s110A (Electoral Commission guidelines on opinion polls, surveys and research; Supervisor's powers; offence in s110A(8)). Press reports say it passed in 2022; the Act itself was not opened, only the bill. Electoral (Amendment) Bill 2026 (Bill No. 29/2026, gazetted 20 Aug 2026) is pending. Of the s110 rules it would change only the penalty (to an 'illegal electoral practice' under new s135A). It would also remove the separate 48-hour campaign blackout and cut the 300 m zone to 100 m (bill clauses 12 and 29 delete 'In the 48 hour period prior to polling day' from s63(2) and s118(1). The 100 m change comes from press leads) | PacLII (paclii.org, rms.paclii.org) returned 403 and pacliirms.austlii.edu.au refused the connection. laws.gov.fj is a JavaScript app; DisplayAct URLs returned 404 to curl. The FEO PDF title page shows the 2014 Gazette header, but the body includes later inserted sections, so it is a consolidated text from about 2021. Its wording 'election-related opinion on the polls' is reproduced as printed (it likely means 'opinion polls'). The separate 48-hour campaign and media blackout (s118 and related sections, per FEO statements) is a different rule and was not analysed here. Pre-poll voting before polling day is not addressed by s110. Lead not opened: an Electoral Commission finding (31 Aug 2022) that the Fiji Sun breached the opinion poll guidelines (electoralcommission.org.fj). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Bill-No.-49-Electoral-Amendment-2022.pdf ; https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Bill-No.-29-Electoral-Amendment-Bill-2026.pdf ; https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/GN-77-Bills-to-be-presented-in-Parliament-Nos.-29-31.pdf", "legal": { "quote": "It shall be unlawful for any person to publish the results of any election-related opinion on the polls on any day during the 7 days prior to the polling day and on the polling day until the close of polling at all polling stations.", "gloss": "(English original) Publishing election poll results is unlawful in the 7 days before polling day and on polling day until all stations close.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication of the results of any election-related opinion poll (s110). 'Publish' is defined in s2 as producing, including electronically, and making available to the public", "exit polls: no separate rule on publishing them. On a plain reading s110 covers publishing any election-related poll results on polling day before close. Separately, s146(1)(c) makes it an offence to conduct a public opinion poll about the election in a polling station or within 300 m of the polling venue on polling day", "does not ban conducting or privately circulating polls during the 7 days. The text bans only publication", "s110A (inserted 2022): every published election poll, survey or research must comply with Electoral Commission guidelines at all times, not only during the blackout. The Supervisor may demand the methodology and order removal or correction" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "s110(2): fine not exceeding $10,000 or imprisonment not exceeding 5 years, or both. Pending Bill No. 29 of 2026 (clause 21) would reclassify this as an 'illegal electoral practice' under a new s135A(2), with a fine up to $40,000 (political party), $20,000 (candidate or polling agent) or $5,000 (any other person). The bill was not passed as far as found", "enforcer": "Criminal offence. Under s18 the Electoral Commission or Supervisor of Elections must report probable election offences to FICAC (Fiji Independent Commission Against Corruption). The Supervisor of Elections and Electoral Commission enforce the s110A poll guidelines" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "fj", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 7 }, "rules": [ { "id": "fj", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 7 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Electoral Act 2014 (Act No. 11 of 2014)", "citation": "s110 (Restrictions on opinion polls); also s110A (guidelines), s146(1)(c) (polling near polling stations), s2 (definition of publish)", "short": "Electoral Act 2014, s.110", "source": "https://www.feo.org.fj/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Electoral-Act-2014.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: s110(1): unlawful to publish 'on any day during the 7 days prior to the polling day'. Read as the seven calendar days D-7..D-1, so the ban starts at 00:00 on D-7, and continues on polling day until close of polling at all polling stations. | End: Close of polling at all polling stations on polling day ('until the close of polling at all polling stations'), i.e. the last station nationally | Amendments: Electoral (Amendment) Bill 2022 (Bill No. 49/2022) inserted s110A (Electoral Commission guidelines on opinion polls, surveys and research; Supervisor's powers; offence in s110A(8)). Press reports say it passed in 2022; the Act itself was not opened, only the bill. Electoral (Amendment) Bill 2026 (Bill No. 29/2026, gazetted 20 Aug 2026) is pending. Of the s110 rules it would change only the penalty (to an 'illegal electoral practice' under new s135A). It would also remove the separate 48-hour campaign blackout and cut the 300 m zone to 100 m (bill clauses 12 and 29 delete 'In the 48 hour period prior to polling day' from s63(2) and s118(1). The 100 m change comes from press leads) | PacLII (paclii.org, rms.paclii.org) returned 403 and pacliirms.austlii.edu.au refused the connection. laws.gov.fj is a JavaScript app; DisplayAct URLs returned 404 to curl. The FEO PDF title page shows the 2014 Gazette header, but the body includes later inserted sections, so it is a consolidated text from about 2021. Its wording 'election-related opinion on the polls' is reproduced as printed (it likely means 'opinion polls'). The separate 48-hour campaign and media blackout (s118 and related sections, per FEO statements) is a different rule and was not analysed here. Pre-poll voting before polling day is not addressed by s110. Lead not opened: an Electoral Commission finding (31 Aug 2022) that the Fiji Sun breached the opinion poll guidelines (electoralcommission.org.fj). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Bill-No.-49-Electoral-Amendment-2022.pdf ; https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/Bill-No.-29-Electoral-Amendment-Bill-2026.pdf ; https://www.parliament.gov.fj/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/GN-77-Bills-to-be-presented-in-Parliament-Nos.-29-31.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "SV", "country_name": "El Salvador", "next_election": { "id": "el-salvador-general-2027", "date": "2027-02-28", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/el-salvador-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "el-salvador-general-2027", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 15, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-02-13T06:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-02-28T23:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-02-28T17:00:00-06:00", "timezone": "America/El_Salvador", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "Código Electoral, art. 176", "rule": { "id": "sv", "law": "Código Electoral (Decreto Legislativo No. 413, 3 de julio de 2013, D.O. No. 138, T. 400, 26 de julio de 2013) (Electoral Code (Legislative Decree No. 413 of 2013))", "citation": "Art. 176 (Prohibición de Difusión de Encuestas); penalty Art. 245; procedure Art. 254; finality Art. 220", "source": "https://tse.gob.sv/storage/documentos/20250512115356-c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d-XhNHWzttAO.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Código Electoral, art. 176", "note": "Start: Art. 176: 'Quince días antes de la fecha de las elecciones y hasta que se declaren firmes los resultados'. Read literally as starting at 00:00 on D-15. A press account of the 2024 election (elsalvador.com, 8 Feb 2024, quoting Óscar Picardo) treated 20 Jan 2024 (D-15 for the 4 Feb vote) as the last permitted day, i.e. a start at D-14. The TSE's own reading was not found. | End: Not close of polls. The ban runs until the election results are declared final ('firmes'), which happens by TSE decree under Art. 220 after the challenge period of Art. 272 lapses. That is days or weeks after polling day | Amendments: Art. 176 carries no reform marker in the consolidated text (reforms to D.L. 796, Jul 2023). D.L. 573 (May 2026) does not amend it. The Asamblea decree lists for 2024 and 2025 show no Código Electoral reform. The Aug-Dec 2023 decree list did not load, so that window is unchecked | archivo.tse.gob.sv (the Oct 2023 consolidated PDF) returned Cloudflare 522. The asamblea.gob.sv site has an incomplete TLS chain; it was read with curl -k. The start-day reading (D-15 vs D-14) is ambiguous, and both are shown in start_example. covers_online is set to 'unclear' because 'medio de comunicación social' is not defined to include internet or social-media posts by individuals. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://tse.gob.sv/publico/normativas-memorias-elecciones ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/0A33E90F-2C2A-4679-B06E-DA080068D7AE.pdf ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/leyes-y-decretos/view/6955 ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/1E00A1B7-ABE5-48FF-87C8-806EBEB264F6.pdf ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/leyes-y-decretos/decretos-por-anios/2026/0 ; https://www.elsalvador.com/?p=1122173", "legal": { "quote": "Quince días antes de la fecha de las elecciones y hasta que se declaren firmes los resultados de la misma, no se permitirá [...] publicar o difundir [...] resultados de encuestas o proyecciones", "gloss": "From fifteen days before the election until the results are declared final, no one may publish or disseminate poll or projection results.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication or dissemination, through any means of social communication, of results of polls or projections on contending candidates, parties or coalitions that indicate the trend of possible results", "applies to political parties, coalitions, natural and legal persons, and associations or organisations of any kind", "exit polls and projections: covered, because they are 'encuestas o proyecciones' indicating a trend and the ban runs until results are final (in 2024 a CID Gallup exit poll published on election day was called an electoral offence in the press; no sanction was reported)", "does not ban conducting polls or private delivery. Only publishing or disseminating through mass media is covered", "separately, Art. 175 bans campaign propaganda in the 3 days before the election and on election day" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Art. 245: fine of 10,000 to 50,000 colones or the dollar equivalent (about US$1,143-5,714 at 8.75 colones per dollar)", "enforcer": "Tribunal Supremo Electoral (Art. 254: sanction procedure opened ex officio by the TSE or on complaint by the electoral prosecutor (fiscal electoral), temporary electoral bodies, a party or coalition, or the Junta de Vigilancia Electoral)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "sv", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 15 }, "rules": [ { "id": "sv", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 15 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Código Electoral (Decreto Legislativo No. 413, 3 de julio de 2013, D.O. No. 138, T. 400, 26 de julio de 2013) (Electoral Code (Legislative Decree No. 413 of 2013))", "citation": "Art. 176 (Prohibición de Difusión de Encuestas); penalty Art. 245; procedure Art. 254; finality Art. 220", "short": "Código Electoral, art. 176", "source": "https://tse.gob.sv/storage/documentos/20250512115356-c9f0f895fb98ab9159f51fd0297e236d-XhNHWzttAO.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: Art. 176: 'Quince días antes de la fecha de las elecciones y hasta que se declaren firmes los resultados'. Read literally as starting at 00:00 on D-15. A press account of the 2024 election (elsalvador.com, 8 Feb 2024, quoting Óscar Picardo) treated 20 Jan 2024 (D-15 for the 4 Feb vote) as the last permitted day, i.e. a start at D-14. The TSE's own reading was not found. | End: Not close of polls. The ban runs until the election results are declared final ('firmes'), which happens by TSE decree under Art. 220 after the challenge period of Art. 272 lapses. That is days or weeks after polling day | Amendments: Art. 176 carries no reform marker in the consolidated text (reforms to D.L. 796, Jul 2023). D.L. 573 (May 2026) does not amend it. The Asamblea decree lists for 2024 and 2025 show no Código Electoral reform. The Aug-Dec 2023 decree list did not load, so that window is unchecked | archivo.tse.gob.sv (the Oct 2023 consolidated PDF) returned Cloudflare 522. The asamblea.gob.sv site has an incomplete TLS chain; it was read with curl -k. The start-day reading (D-15 vs D-14) is ambiguous, and both are shown in start_example. covers_online is set to 'unclear' because 'medio de comunicación social' is not defined to include internet or social-media posts by individuals. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://tse.gob.sv/publico/normativas-memorias-elecciones ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/0A33E90F-2C2A-4679-B06E-DA080068D7AE.pdf ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/leyes-y-decretos/view/6955 ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/1E00A1B7-ABE5-48FF-87C8-806EBEB264F6.pdf ; https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/leyes-y-decretos/decretos-por-anios/2026/0 ; https://www.elsalvador.com/?p=1122173" } ] }, { "country": "FM", "country_name": "Federated States of Micronesia", "next_election": { "id": "micronesia-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-03-02", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/micronesia-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "micronesia-legislative-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-03-02T07:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-03-02T18:00:00+11:00", "timezone": "Pacific/Pohnpei", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "fm", "law": "Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, Title 9: National Elections (Revised National Election Act of 2005, as enacted by PL 14-76 and amended) (same)", "citation": "none. Searched 9 F.S.M.C. §§101-805 (chapters 1-8)", "source": "https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014TabCont.html", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "FSM Code, Title 9", "note": "Start: No provision in FSM Code Title 9 (National Elections), chapters 1-8, refers to opinion polls, surveys or exit polls. The only nearby rules are §705(1) (no campaigning from 12:00 a.m. until close of polls on Election Day) and §109(3) (media may not let candidates or supporters use their facilities or publications on Election Day). Neither mentions polls. | Amendments: The 2014 edition is the latest consolidation found. §704 cites PL 15-46. Pending bills seen in search results only, not opened: CB 22-171 (election timing, §105) and CB 24-115 (2026, election-day registration and provisional ballots, §§102, 103, 405, 704). Neither concerns polls. Public laws after 2014 were not checked one by one | The searches were for 'poll' (excluding 'polls/polling place' noise), 'opinion', 'survey', 'publi', 'media' and 'broadcast' across all eight chapter pages. 'Polls' in Title 9 means the polling place or polling period, never opinion polls. State elections are governed by state codes (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae), which were not checked. The 2027-03-02 Congress election is national and falls under Title 9. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap01.html ; https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap07.html ; https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap02.html", "legal": { "quote": "No campaigning shall occur from 12:00 a.m. until the close of the Polls on Election Day. (§705(1); not a poll rule)", "gloss": "(English original) An Election Day campaign silence that does not mention polls.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "nothing on polls", "related only: §705(1) bans campaigning from 12:00 a.m. until close of polls on Election Day, and §109(3) bars broadcast and print media from letting candidates or supporters use their facilities on Election Day. Neither mentions opinion polls" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a. The general penalty in §111(1) (fine up to $500 and/or up to 1 year) would apply to violations of Title 9 generally", "enforcer": "n/a (National Election Director administers Title 9)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "fm", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "fm", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Code of the Federated States of Micronesia, Title 9: National Elections (Revised National Election Act of 2005, as enacted by PL 14-76 and amended) (same)", "citation": "none. Searched 9 F.S.M.C. §§101-805 (chapters 1-8)", "short": "FSM Code, Title 9", "source": "https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014TabCont.html", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: No provision in FSM Code Title 9 (National Elections), chapters 1-8, refers to opinion polls, surveys or exit polls. The only nearby rules are §705(1) (no campaigning from 12:00 a.m. until close of polls on Election Day) and §109(3) (media may not let candidates or supporters use their facilities or publications on Election Day). Neither mentions polls. | Amendments: The 2014 edition is the latest consolidation found. §704 cites PL 15-46. Pending bills seen in search results only, not opened: CB 22-171 (election timing, §105) and CB 24-115 (2026, election-day registration and provisional ballots, §§102, 103, 405, 704). Neither concerns polls. Public laws after 2014 were not checked one by one | The searches were for 'poll' (excluding 'polls/polling place' noise), 'opinion', 'survey', 'publi', 'media' and 'broadcast' across all eight chapter pages. 'Polls' in Title 9 means the polling place or polling period, never opinion polls. State elections are governed by state codes (Yap, Chuuk, Pohnpei, Kosrae), which were not checked. The 2027-03-02 Congress election is national and falls under Title 9. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap01.html ; https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap07.html ; https://fsmlaw.org/fsm/code/code2014/FSMCode2014Tit09Chap02.html" } ] }, { "country": "EE", "country_name": "Estonia", "next_election": { "id": "estonia-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-03-07", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/estonia-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "estonia-legislative-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-03-07T18:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-03-07T20:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Tallinn", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "ee", "law": "Riigikogu valimise seadus (RKVS) (Riigikogu Election Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act; §5 is the only campaign-restriction section)", "source": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/124052024010", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Riigikogu valimise seadus", "note": "Start: The Riigikogu Election Act in force (version from 01.10.2024, RT I, 24.05.2024, 10) has no provision on publishing opinion polls or exit polls. I searched the full text (33 pages) for küsitl, arvamus, prognoos and uuring: the only hits for 'arvamus' are unrelated (arvamuse, eriarvamus). Chapter 2 (Agitatsioon), §5, keeps only (3) 'Hääletamisruumis on valimisagitatsioon keelatud' (campaigning banned inside the voting room). | Amendments: The Act of RT I, 03.01.2020, 2 (in force 13.01.2020) repealed §5(1) and (2). The 2017 text shows these defined the active campaign period and banned active campaigning on polling day ('Aktiivne valimisagitatsioon on valimispäeval keelatud'). Neither ever mentioned polls. The same act repealed §5^1 (political outdoor advertising ban). | Only the RKVS was searched. The Local Government Council Election Act, the European Parliament Election Act and the media laws (e.g. Meediateenuste seadus) were not. The riigiteataja.ee HTML is a JavaScript app; I found the current version through its public API (akt/13117287?leiaKehtiv only returned the 2009 text). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/125102016022", "legal": { "quote": "Hääletamisruumis on valimisagitatsioon keelatud. (§5(3); no poll provision exists)", "gloss": "Election campaigning is prohibited in the voting room.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a. The Act's offence provisions (§§73^1, 73^3) cover failing to submit data or comply with election-commission decisions, and taking a ballot out of the voting room; neither concerns polls.", "enforcer": "n/a (election administration: Vabariigi Valimiskomisjon / Riigi valimisteenistus)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "ee", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "ee", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Riigikogu valimise seadus (RKVS) (Riigikogu Election Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act; §5 is the only campaign-restriction section)", "short": "Riigikogu valimise seadus", "source": "https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/124052024010", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The Riigikogu Election Act in force (version from 01.10.2024, RT I, 24.05.2024, 10) has no provision on publishing opinion polls or exit polls. I searched the full text (33 pages) for küsitl, arvamus, prognoos and uuring: the only hits for 'arvamus' are unrelated (arvamuse, eriarvamus). Chapter 2 (Agitatsioon), §5, keeps only (3) 'Hääletamisruumis on valimisagitatsioon keelatud' (campaigning banned inside the voting room). | Amendments: The Act of RT I, 03.01.2020, 2 (in force 13.01.2020) repealed §5(1) and (2). The 2017 text shows these defined the active campaign period and banned active campaigning on polling day ('Aktiivne valimisagitatsioon on valimispäeval keelatud'). Neither ever mentioned polls. The same act repealed §5^1 (political outdoor advertising ban). | Only the RKVS was searched. The Local Government Council Election Act, the European Parliament Election Act and the media laws (e.g. Meediateenuste seadus) were not. The riigiteataja.ee HTML is a JavaScript app; I found the current version through its public API (akt/13117287?leiaKehtiv only returned the 2009 text). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.riigiteataja.ee/akt/125102016022" } ] }, { "country": "NL", "country_name": "Netherlands", "next_election": { "id": "netherlands-drenthe-2027", "date": "2027-03-17", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/netherlands-drenthe-2027" }, "now": { "election": "netherlands-drenthe-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-03-17T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-03-17T21:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Amsterdam", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "nl", "law": "Kieswet (Elections Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act)", "source": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004627/2026-10-01", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Kieswet", "note": "Start: The Kieswet (BWBR0004627), version in force from 01-10-2026, has no provision restricting the publication of opinion polls or exit polls. I searched the full consolidated text (about 515k characters) for peiling, opinie, prognose, enquête and exit: zero hits. The nearest provisions concern counting: e.g. Art. Y 22c, for European Parliament elections, defers counting sessions until polls have closed in the last member state. That rule binds the count, not publication of polls. | Only the Kieswet was searched, not the Kiesbesluit or the Mediawet. The Kieswet text says polling normally runs to 21:00 (eenentwintig uur). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending.", "legal": { "quote": "n/a (no provision; absence shown by full-text search of the Kieswet)", "gloss": "n/a", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a", "enforcer": "n/a" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "nl", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "nl", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Kieswet (Elections Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act)", "short": "Kieswet", "source": "https://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0004627/2026-10-01", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The Kieswet (BWBR0004627), version in force from 01-10-2026, has no provision restricting the publication of opinion polls or exit polls. I searched the full consolidated text (about 515k characters) for peiling, opinie, prognose, enquête and exit: zero hits. The nearest provisions concern counting: e.g. Art. Y 22c, for European Parliament elections, defers counting sessions until polls have closed in the last member state. That rule binds the count, not publication of polls. | Only the Kieswet was searched, not the Kiesbesluit or the Mediawet. The Kieswet text says polling normally runs to 21:00 (eenentwintig uur). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending." } ] }, { "country": "CM", "country_name": "Cameroon", "next_election": { "id": "cameroon-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-04-18", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/cameroon-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "cameroon-legislative-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-04-18T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-04-18T18:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Africa/Douala", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "cm", "law": "Loi n° 2012/001 du 19 avril 2012 portant Code électoral, modifiée et complétée par la loi n° 2012/017 du 21 décembre 2012 et la loi n° 2019/005 du 25 avril 2019 (Law No. 2012/001 of 19 April 2012 relating to the Electoral Code, amended by Law No. 2012/017 of 21 December 2012 and Law No. 2019/005 of 25 April 2019)", "citation": "none; Art. 87 (campaign period) checked", "source": "https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Code_Electoral.pdf", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Code électoral (Loi 2012/001)", "note": "Start: The Electoral Code (Law 2012/001 as amended by Law 2012/017 and Law 2019/005) contains no provision on opinion polls ('sondage' does not occur in either French version or the English version). Art. 87(1) only fixes the campaign: it opens on the 15th day before the vote and ends at midnight on the eve of the vote. | Amendments: Law 2019/005 of 25 April 2019 is the latest amendment in ELECAM's consolidated text; no later amendment found | News reports (Sept 2025, search results only, not opened) say the CNC suspended political debate programmes during the 2025 presidential campaign. That is a regulator decision, not the Electoral Code. Whether CNC decisions also restrict polls is unverified. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CODE-ELECTORAL-REPUBLIQUE-DU-CAMEROUN-French.doc ; https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ELECTORAL-CODE-OF-CAMEROON-Eng.doc ; https://portail.elecam.cm/fr/documentation/", "legal": { "quote": "La campagne électorale est ouverte à partir du quinzième jour précédant le scrutin. Elle prend fin la veille du scrutin à minuit.", "gloss": "(campaign period, not a poll rule) The campaign opens on the fifteenth day before the vote and ends at midnight on the eve of the vote.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a", "enforcer": "ELECAM runs elections; the Conseil National de la Communication (CNC) regulates media and issues campaign media decisions. Whether any CNC decision covers polls was not verified." } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "cm", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "cm", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Loi n° 2012/001 du 19 avril 2012 portant Code électoral, modifiée et complétée par la loi n° 2012/017 du 21 décembre 2012 et la loi n° 2019/005 du 25 avril 2019 (Law No. 2012/001 of 19 April 2012 relating to the Electoral Code, amended by Law No. 2012/017 of 21 December 2012 and Law No. 2019/005 of 25 April 2019)", "citation": "none; Art. 87 (campaign period) checked", "short": "Code électoral (Loi 2012/001)", "source": "https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/Code_Electoral.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The Electoral Code (Law 2012/001 as amended by Law 2012/017 and Law 2019/005) contains no provision on opinion polls ('sondage' does not occur in either French version or the English version). Art. 87(1) only fixes the campaign: it opens on the 15th day before the vote and ends at midnight on the eve of the vote. | Amendments: Law 2019/005 of 25 April 2019 is the latest amendment in ELECAM's consolidated text; no later amendment found | News reports (Sept 2025, search results only, not opened) say the CNC suspended political debate programmes during the 2025 presidential campaign. That is a regulator decision, not the Electoral Code. Whether CNC decisions also restrict polls is unverified. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/CODE-ELECTORAL-REPUBLIQUE-DU-CAMEROUN-French.doc ; https://portail.elecam.cm/wp-content/uploads/2025/06/ELECTORAL-CODE-OF-CAMEROON-Eng.doc ; https://portail.elecam.cm/fr/documentation/" } ] }, { "country": "FI", "country_name": "Finland", "next_election": { "id": "finland-parliamentary-2027", "date": "2027-04-18", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/finland-parliamentary-2027" }, "now": { "election": "finland-parliamentary-2027", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-04-18T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-04-18T20:00:00+03:00", "timezone": "Europe/Helsinki", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": { "id": "fi", "law": "Vaalilaki (714/1998) (Election Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act)", "source": "https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1998/714", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Vaalilaki 714/1998", "note": "Start: The consolidated Vaalilaki (714/1998) on Finlex has no rule on publishing opinion polls, forecasts or exit polls. I searched the full text for mielipide, kysely, gallup, ennuste, tiedustelu and haastattel: zero hits. The only polling-day restrictions found are a ban on speeches, posters, leaflets and other influence on voters at or next to the polling place during voting hours, and that electoral rolls and voting records are not public until voting has ended. | Amendments: The Finlex page shows a version note for amendment 226/2026. I did not determine what it changes. No poll provision appears in the text as displayed. | The Finlex page renders through Next.js; I pulled the statute text from the embedded page data (about 3,900 text nodes). A word split across two data chunks could be missed by grep, though one hit (line 1979) shows the split is rare. Laws other than the Vaalilaki (e.g. media law) were not searched. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/1998/714", "legal": { "quote": "Äänestyspaikalla taikka sen välittömässä läheisyydessä ei saa äänestysaikana pitää puheita, julkipanna tai jakaa painettuja tai kirjoitettuja kehotuksia ... (polling-place rule; no poll provision exists)", "gloss": "At or immediately next to the polling place, during voting hours, no speeches may be made and no printed or written appeals posted or handed out.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "n/a", "enforcer": "n/a" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "fi", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "fi", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Vaalilaki (714/1998) (Election Act)", "citation": "n/a (searched whole act)", "short": "Vaalilaki 714/1998", "source": "https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1998/714", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The consolidated Vaalilaki (714/1998) on Finlex has no rule on publishing opinion polls, forecasts or exit polls. I searched the full text for mielipide, kysely, gallup, ennuste, tiedustelu and haastattel: zero hits. The only polling-day restrictions found are a ban on speeches, posters, leaflets and other influence on voters at or next to the polling place during voting hours, and that electoral rolls and voting records are not public until voting has ended. | Amendments: The Finlex page shows a version note for amendment 226/2026. I did not determine what it changes. No poll provision appears in the text as displayed. | The Finlex page renders through Next.js; I pulled the statute text from the embedded page data (about 3,900 text nodes). A word split across two data chunks could be missed by grep, though one hit (line 1979) shows the split is rare. Laws other than the Vaalilaki (e.g. media law) were not searched. | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/saadoskokoelma/1998/714" } ] }, { "country": "FR", "country_name": "France", "next_election": { "id": "france-presidential-2027", "date": "2027-04-18", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/france-presidential-2027" }, "now": { "election": "france-presidential-2027", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 1, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-04-16T22:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-04-18T18:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-04-18T20:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Paris", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "Loi 77-808, art. 11", "rule": { "id": "fr", "law": "Loi n° 77-808 du 19 juillet 1977 relative à la publication et à la diffusion de certains sondages d'opinion (Law 77-808 of 19 July 1977 on the publication and dissemination of certain opinion polls)", "citation": "art. 11; penalty art. 12", "source": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000522846", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Loi 77-808, art. 11", "note": "Start: 'la veille et le jour de chaque scrutin'. For presidential, legislative and European elections and national referendums, the ban applies nationwide 'à compter du samedi précédant le scrutin à zéro heure' (Sunday vote => Sat 00:00 = D-1) | End: the close of the last polling station in metropolitan France (dernier bureau de vote sur le territoire métropolitain); for by-elections, the last polling station in the constituency | Court rulings (leads, not opened unless a source is given): Cass. crim. 4 Sept 2001 (lead: held the old 7-day ban incompatible with ECHR art. 10, prompting the Loi 2002-214 reform). NOT opened or verified | Amendments: Art. 11 amended by Loi 2016-508 of 25 Apr 2016 (Saturday 00:00 nationwide start, end at the last metropolitan polling station). | Read on the Commission des sondages' site (an official body), not on Légifrance, which was blocked. Publishing results before polls close is governed separately by Code électoral L.52-2 (lead, not read). | Also opened: https://www.commission-des-sondages.fr/lois/lois.htm", "legal": { "quote": "la veille et le jour de chaque scrutin, aucun sondage électoral ne peut faire l’objet, par quelque moyen que ce soit, d’une publication, d’une diffusion ou d’un commentaire", "gloss": "On the eve and the day of each vote, no electoral poll may be published, disseminated or commented on by any means.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication", "dissemination", "commentary on any electoral poll" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [ "Polls published before the eve may continue to be disseminated and commented on, if the date of first publication, the outlet and the polling organisation are given" ], "penalty": "art. 12: fine of EUR 75,000", "enforcer": "Commission des sondages; criminal courts" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "fr", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 1 }, "rules": [ { "id": "fr", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 1 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Loi n° 77-808 du 19 juillet 1977 relative à la publication et à la diffusion de certains sondages d'opinion (Law 77-808 of 19 July 1977 on the publication and dissemination of certain opinion polls)", "citation": "art. 11; penalty art. 12", "short": "Loi 77-808, art. 11", "source": "https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000522846", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: 'la veille et le jour de chaque scrutin'. For presidential, legislative and European elections and national referendums, the ban applies nationwide 'à compter du samedi précédant le scrutin à zéro heure' (Sunday vote => Sat 00:00 = D-1) | End: the close of the last polling station in metropolitan France (dernier bureau de vote sur le territoire métropolitain); for by-elections, the last polling station in the constituency | Court rulings (leads, not opened unless a source is given): Cass. crim. 4 Sept 2001 (lead: held the old 7-day ban incompatible with ECHR art. 10, prompting the Loi 2002-214 reform). NOT opened or verified | Amendments: Art. 11 amended by Loi 2016-508 of 25 Apr 2016 (Saturday 00:00 nationwide start, end at the last metropolitan polling station). | Read on the Commission des sondages' site (an official body), not on Légifrance, which was blocked. Publishing results before polls close is governed separately by Code électoral L.52-2 (lead, not read). | Also opened: https://www.commission-des-sondages.fr/lois/lois.htm" } ] }, { "country": "DE", "country_name": "Germany", "next_election": { "id": "germany-saarland-2027", "date": "2027-04-18", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/germany-saarland-2027" }, "now": { "election": "germany-saarland-2027", "verdict": "exit-polls-only", "days_before": 0, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-04-17T22:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-04-18T16:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-04-18T18:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Berlin", "date_tentative": false, "citation": "BWahlG §32(2)", "rule": { "id": "de", "law": "Bundeswahlgesetz (BWahlG); Bundeswahlordnung (BWO) (Federal Elections Act; Federal Electoral Regulations)", "citation": "§32(2), §49a(1) no.2, (2), (3) no.2 BWahlG; §47 BWO (voting hours)", "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__32.html", "scope": [ "exit-polls" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "BWahlG §32(2)", "note": "Start: Exit polls only. §32(2) BWahlG gives no start time: it bars publishing results of surveys of voters taken after they voted (Wählerbefragungen nach der Stimmabgabe) 'vor Ablauf der Wahlzeit', so it applies until the close of polls. Recorded as polling day 00:00 for computation. The text does not say whether it also covers surveys of postal voters taken before polling day. Nothing in the BWahlG bans publishing pre-election opinion polls (I searched the full consolidated text for Umfrage, Befragung, Meinungsforschung and Prognose; the only hits are §32(2) and §49a). | End: Ablauf der Wahlzeit: 18:00 local on polling day (§47(1) BWO: 'Die Wahl dauert von 8 bis 18 Uhr'; under §47(2) the Landeswahlleiter may set an earlier start only, not a later close) | Amendments: The consolidated BWahlG was last amended by Art. 8 of the Act of 3 July 2026 (BGBl. 2026 I Nr. 199). I did not trace whether that amendment touched §32 or §49a; the current wording is as quoted. | Federal (Bundestag) rules only; the Land election laws were not checked. The BWahlG lists the Bundestag election date in §16 (not used here). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__49a.html ; https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/BJNR003830956.html ; https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwo_1985/__47.html", "legal": { "quote": "Die Veröffentlichung von Ergebnissen von Wählerbefragungen nach der Stimmabgabe über den Inhalt der Wahlentscheidung ist vor Ablauf der Wahlzeit unzulässig.", "gloss": "Publishing the results of surveys of voters, taken after they have voted, about how they voted is not permitted before voting time has ended.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "exit polls: publication of results of post-vote voter surveys about how people voted, before the close of polls", "does NOT cover pre-election opinion polls, their dissemination or commentary on them", "§32(1) separately bans influencing voters in and at the polling building during voting hours; that is not a poll rule" ], "coversOnline": "yes", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "Administrative offence (Ordnungswidrigkeit) under §49a(1) no.2 BWahlG; fine up to 50,000 EUR (§49a(2))", "enforcer": "Bundeswahlleiter (administrative authority under §36(1) no.1 OWiG, §49a(3) no.2 BWahlG)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "de", "verdict": "exit-polls-only", "days_before": 0 }, "rules": [ { "id": "de", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 0 }, "scope": [ "exit-polls" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Bundeswahlgesetz (BWahlG); Bundeswahlordnung (BWO) (Federal Elections Act; Federal Electoral Regulations)", "citation": "§32(2), §49a(1) no.2, (2), (3) no.2 BWahlG; §47 BWO (voting hours)", "short": "BWahlG §32(2)", "source": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__32.html", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: Exit polls only. §32(2) BWahlG gives no start time: it bars publishing results of surveys of voters taken after they voted (Wählerbefragungen nach der Stimmabgabe) 'vor Ablauf der Wahlzeit', so it applies until the close of polls. Recorded as polling day 00:00 for computation. The text does not say whether it also covers surveys of postal voters taken before polling day. Nothing in the BWahlG bans publishing pre-election opinion polls (I searched the full consolidated text for Umfrage, Befragung, Meinungsforschung and Prognose; the only hits are §32(2) and §49a). | End: Ablauf der Wahlzeit: 18:00 local on polling day (§47(1) BWO: 'Die Wahl dauert von 8 bis 18 Uhr'; under §47(2) the Landeswahlleiter may set an earlier start only, not a later close) | Amendments: The consolidated BWahlG was last amended by Art. 8 of the Act of 3 July 2026 (BGBl. 2026 I Nr. 199). I did not trace whether that amendment touched §32 or §49a; the current wording is as quoted. | Federal (Bundestag) rules only; the Land election laws were not checked. The BWahlG lists the Bundestag election date in §16 (not used here). | Read once, on 2026-10-25, by a parallel research agent; a second reading is pending. | Also opened: https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/__49a.html ; https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwahlg/BJNR003830956.html ; https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bwo_1985/__47.html" } ] }, { "country": "BI", "country_name": "Burundi", "next_election": { "id": "burundi-presidential-2027", "date": "2027-05-03", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/burundi-presidential-2027" }, "now": { "election": "burundi-presidential-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-05-03T13:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-05-03T15:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Africa/Bujumbura", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "AD", "country_name": "Andorra", "next_election": { "id": "andorra-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-05-30", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/andorra-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "andorra-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-05-30T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-05-30T19:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Andorra", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "MX", "country_name": "Mexico", "next_election": { "id": "mexico-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-06-06", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/mexico-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "mexico-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-06-07T01:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-06-06T19:00:00-06:00", "timezone": "America/Mexico_City", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [ { "id": "mx", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 3 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales (LGIPE) (General Law on Electoral Institutions and Procedures)", "citation": "arts. 213(2) and 251(6)", "short": null, "source": "https://www.ine.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2014_LGIPE.pdf", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": "Read in the 2014 LGIPE text; the current consolidation on diputados.gob.mx was unreachable, so later amendments are unchecked.", "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: 'Durante los tres días previos a la elección' = from 00:00 on D-3 | End: art. 213(2): close of the polling stations; art. 251(6): official close of the polls in the westernmost time zones of the country | Amendments: I read the 2014 original. The current text (last reform DOF 02-06-2026, per search) could not be opened, so later changes to 213/251 are unverified. INE reports quoting 213(2) in later years match the wording (search snippets). | Article number confirmed: 213(2), with the parallel rule in 251(6). | Also opened: https://www.diputados.gob.mx/LeyesBiblio/pdf/LGIPE.pdf ; https://ieez.org.mx/MJ/2026/Legislación Federal/Ley General de Instituciones y Procedimientos Electorales 02 junio 2026.pdf" } ] }, { "country": "MN", "country_name": "Mongolia", "next_election": { "id": "mongolia-presidential-2027", "date": "2027-06-15", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/mongolia-presidential-2027" }, "now": { "election": "mongolia-presidential-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-06-15T14:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-06-15T22:00:00+08:00", "timezone": "Asia/Ulaanbaatar", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "PG", "country_name": "Papua New Guinea", "next_election": { "id": "papua-new-guinea-general-2027", "date": "2027-06-26", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/papua-new-guinea-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "papua-new-guinea-general-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-07-09T08:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-07-09T18:00:00+10:00", "timezone": "Pacific/Port_Moresby", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "GT", "country_name": "Guatemala", "next_election": { "id": "guatemala-general-2027", "date": "2027-06-27", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/guatemala-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "guatemala-general-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-06-28T00:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-06-27T18:00:00-06:00", "timezone": "America/Guatemala", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "ME", "country_name": "Montenegro", "next_election": { "id": "montenegro-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-07-11", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/montenegro-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "montenegro-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-07-11T18:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-07-11T20:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Podgorica", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "CG", "country_name": "Republic of the Congo", "next_election": { "id": "republic-of-the-congo-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-07-11", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/republic-of-the-congo-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "republic-of-the-congo-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-07-11T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-07-11T18:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Africa/Brazzaville", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "GR", "country_name": "Greece", "next_election": { "id": "greece-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-07-25", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/greece-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "greece-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-07-25T16:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-07-25T19:00:00+03:00", "timezone": "Europe/Athens", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "AR", "country_name": "Argentina", "next_election": { "id": "argentina-primaries-2027", "date": "2027-08-01", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/argentina-primaries-2027" }, "now": { "election": "argentina-primaries-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-08-01T21:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-08-01T18:00:00-03:00", "timezone": "America/Argentina/Buenos_Aires", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "KE", "country_name": "Kenya", "next_election": { "id": "kenya-general-2027", "date": "2027-08-10", "date_status": "declared", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/kenya-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "kenya-general-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-08-10T14:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-08-10T17:00:00+03:00", "timezone": "Africa/Nairobi", "date_tentative": false, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "AO", "country_name": "Angola", "next_election": { "id": "angola-general-2027", "date": "2027-08-31", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/angola-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "angola-general-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-08-31T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-08-31T18:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Africa/Luanda", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "SK", "country_name": "Slovakia", "next_election": { "id": "slovakia-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-09-25", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/slovakia-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "slovakia-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-09-25T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-09-25T22:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Bratislava", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "AT", "country_name": "Austria", "next_election": { "id": "austria-upper-austria-2027", "date": "2027-09-26", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/austria-upper-austria-2027" }, "now": { "election": "austria-upper-austria-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-09-26T14:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-09-26T16:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Vienna", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "IT", "country_name": "Italy", "next_election": { "id": "italy-sicily-2027", "date": "2027-10-03", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/italy-sicily-2027" }, "now": { "election": "italy-sicily-2027", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 15, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2027-09-17T22:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2027-10-03T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-10-03T22:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Rome", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "Legge 28/2000, art. 8", "rule": { "id": "it", "law": "Legge 22 febbraio 2000, n. 28 (par condicio) (Law 28 of 22 Feb 2000 on equal access to the media during election and referendum campaigns)", "citation": "art. 8 comma 1; sanctions art. 10 comma 7", "source": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2000-02-22;28~art8", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "Legge 28/2000, art. 8", "note": "Start: 'Nei quindici giorni precedenti la data delle votazioni' = from 00:00 on D-15 | End: The text says only 'the fifteen days before the date of the vote'; whether it runs to the close of voting is not stated in art. 8 (AGCOM practice not verified). Italian votes often run Sunday–Monday | Amendments: Art. 8 text in force since 19-11-2003 (amended by L. 313/2003); act last updated 11/12/2012. | Article number confirmed: 8. | Also opened: https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2000-02-22;28~art10", "legal": { "quote": "Nei quindici giorni precedenti la data delle votazioni è vietato rendere pubblici o, comunque, diffondere i risultati di sondaggi demoscopici sull'esito delle elezioni", "gloss": "In the fifteen days before the vote it is forbidden to make public or disseminate poll results on the election outcome.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "making public", "dissemination of poll results on the outcome and on voters' political and voting orientations, even if conducted before the ban" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "art. 10(7): AGCOM orders the broadcaster or publisher to declare the breach on the same medium with equal prominence; further sanctions not checked", "enforcer": "AGCOM (Autorità per le garanzie nelle comunicazioni), with Co.re.com and the Guardia di Finanza (art. 10)" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "it", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 15 }, "rules": [ { "id": "it", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 15 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Legge 22 febbraio 2000, n. 28 (par condicio) (Law 28 of 22 Feb 2000 on equal access to the media during election and referendum campaigns)", "citation": "art. 8 comma 1; sanctions art. 10 comma 7", "short": "Legge 28/2000, art. 8", "source": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2000-02-22;28~art8", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: 'Nei quindici giorni precedenti la data delle votazioni' = from 00:00 on D-15 | End: The text says only 'the fifteen days before the date of the vote'; whether it runs to the close of voting is not stated in art. 8 (AGCOM practice not verified). Italian votes often run Sunday–Monday | Amendments: Art. 8 text in force since 19-11-2003 (amended by L. 313/2003); act last updated 11/12/2012. | Article number confirmed: 8. | Also opened: https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:2000-02-22;28~art10" } ] }, { "country": "NI", "country_name": "Nicaragua", "next_election": { "id": "nicaragua-general-2027", "date": "2027-11-07", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/nicaragua-general-2027" }, "now": { "election": "nicaragua-general-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-11-08T00:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-11-07T18:00:00-06:00", "timezone": "America/Managua", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "PL", "country_name": "Poland", "next_election": { "id": "poland-legislative-2027", "date": "2027-11-07", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/poland-legislative-2027" }, "now": { "election": "poland-legislative-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-11-07T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-11-07T21:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Warsaw", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "SI", "country_name": "Slovenia", "next_election": { "id": "slovenia-presidential-2027", "date": "2027-11-14", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/slovenia-presidential-2027" }, "now": { "election": "slovenia-presidential-2027", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2027-11-14T18:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2027-11-14T19:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Ljubljana", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "CZ", "country_name": "Czech Republic", "next_election": { "id": "czech-republic-presidential-2028", "date": "2028-01-14", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/czech-republic-presidential-2028" }, "now": { "election": "czech-republic-presidential-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-01-15T13:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-01-15T14:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Europe/Prague", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "MY", "country_name": "Malaysia", "next_election": { "id": "malaysia-general-2028", "date": "2028-02-17", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/malaysia-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "malaysia-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-02-17T10:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-02-17T18:00:00+08:00", "timezone": "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "CY", "country_name": "Cyprus", "next_election": { "id": "cyprus-presidential-2028", "date": "2028-02-20", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/cyprus-presidential-2028" }, "now": { "election": "cyprus-presidential-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-02-20T16:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-02-20T18:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Asia/Nicosia", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "TN", "country_name": "Tunisia", "next_election": { "id": "tunisia-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-03-12", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/tunisia-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "tunisia-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-03-12T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-03-12T18:00:00+01:00", "timezone": "Africa/Tunis", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "IR", "country_name": "Iran", "next_election": { "id": "iran-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-03-17", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/iran-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "iran-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-03-17T14:30:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-03-17T18:00:00+03:30", "timezone": "Asia/Tehran", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "KR", "country_name": "South Korea", "next_election": { "id": "south-korea-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-04-12", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/south-korea-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "south-korea-legislative-2028", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 6, "in_force": false, "starts_at": "2028-04-05T15:00:00Z", "ends_at": "2028-04-12T09:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-04-12T18:00:00+09:00", "timezone": "Asia/Seoul", "date_tentative": true, "citation": "공직선거법 제108조 (Public Official Election Act, art. 108)", "rule": { "id": "kr", "law": "공직선거법 (Public Official Election Act)", "citation": "art. 108(1); penalty art. 256(3)(1)(파)", "source": "https://www.law.go.kr/DRF/lawService.do?OC=test&target=law&type=XML&LM=%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%81%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0%EB%B2%95", "scope": [ "publication" ], "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "short": "공직선거법 제108조 (Public Official Election Act, art. 108)", "note": "Start: '선거일 전 6일부터' = from (00:00 on) the 6th day before election day | End: the close of voting on election day (선거일의 투표마감시각) | Amendments: Act amended 2026-04-22; heading of art. 108 revised 2015-12-24. Art. 108(12) bars, until voting closes, publishing polls by parties or candidates and by unregistered pollsters. | Article number confirmed: 108(1).", "legal": { "quote": "누구든지 선거일 전 6일부터 선거일의 투표마감시각까지 선거에 관하여 정당에 대한 지지도나 당선인을 예상하게 하는 여론조사 ... 결과를 공표하거나 인용하여 보도할 수 없다", "gloss": "No one may publish or report polls on party support or likely winners from 6 days before election day until voting closes.", "openedAt": "2026-10-25", "covers": [ "publication (공표)", "quoting in reports (인용하여 보도) of the circumstances and results of polls on party support or expected winners, including mock votes and popularity votes" ], "coversOnline": "unclear", "exemptions": [], "penalty": "art. 256(3)(1)(파): up to 2 years' imprisonment or a fine up to KRW 4 million", "enforcer": "National Election Commission and its Election Poll Deliberation Commissions; prosecution" } } }, "standing": { "rule_id": "kr", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 6 }, "rules": [ { "id": "kr", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 6 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "공직선거법 (Public Official Election Act)", "citation": "art. 108(1); penalty art. 256(3)(1)(파)", "short": "공직선거법 제108조 (Public Official Election Act, art. 108)", "source": "https://www.law.go.kr/DRF/lawService.do?OC=test&target=law&type=XML&LM=%EA%B3%B5%EC%A7%81%EC%84%A0%EA%B1%B0%EB%B2%95", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: '선거일 전 6일부터' = from (00:00 on) the 6th day before election day | End: the close of voting on election day (선거일의 투표마감시각) | Amendments: Act amended 2026-04-22; heading of art. 108 revised 2015-12-24. Art. 108(12) bars, until voting closes, publishing polls by parties or candidates and by unregistered pollsters. | Article number confirmed: 108(1)." } ] }, { "country": "TR", "country_name": "Turkey", "next_election": { "id": "turkey-general-2028", "date": "2028-05-07", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/turkey-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "turkey-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-07T14:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-07T17:00:00+03:00", "timezone": "Europe/Istanbul", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "PH", "country_name": "Philippines", "next_election": { "id": "philippines-general-2028", "date": "2028-05-08", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/philippines-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "philippines-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-08T11:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-08T19:00:00+08:00", "timezone": "Asia/Manila", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "PY", "country_name": "Paraguay", "next_election": { "id": "paraguay-general-2028", "date": "2028-05-14", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "paraguay-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-14T17:00:00-03:00", "timezone": "America/Asuncion", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "AU", "country_name": "Australia", "next_election": { "id": "australia-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-05-20", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/australia-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "australia-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-20T10:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-20T20:00:00+10:00", "timezone": "Australia/Sydney", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "DO", "country_name": "Dominican Republic", "next_election": { "id": "dominican-republic-general-2028", "date": "2028-05-21", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "dominican-republic-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-21T17:00:00-04:00", "timezone": "America/Santo_Domingo", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "MK", "country_name": "North Macedonia", "next_election": { "id": "north-macedonia-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-05-27", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/north-macedonia-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "north-macedonia-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-05-27T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-05-27T19:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Europe/Skopje", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "HR", "country_name": "Croatia", "next_election": { "id": "croatia-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-07-15", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/croatia-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "croatia-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-07-15T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": 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"country_name": "Georgia", "next_election": { "id": "georgia-legislative-2028", "date": "2028-10-28", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/georgia-legislative-2028" }, "now": { "election": "georgia-legislative-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-10-28T16:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-10-28T20:00:00+04:00", "timezone": "Asia/Tbilisi", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "GH", "country_name": "Ghana", "next_election": { "id": "ghana-general-2028", "date": "2028-12-07", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/ghana-general-2028" }, "now": { "election": "ghana-general-2028", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2028-12-07T17:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2028-12-07T17:00:00+00:00", "timezone": "Africa/Accra", "date_tentative": 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"date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/iraq-legislative-2029" }, "now": { "election": "iraq-legislative-2029", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2029-11-13T15:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2029-11-13T18:00:00+03:00", "timezone": "Asia/Baghdad", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "CL", "country_name": "Chile", "next_election": { "id": "chile-general-2029", "date": "2029-11-18", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/chile-general-2029" }, "now": { "election": "chile-general-2029", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2029-11-18T21:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2029-11-18T18:00:00-03:00", "timezone": "America/Santiago", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "HN", "country_name": "Honduras", "next_election": { "id": "honduras-general-2029", "date": "2029-11-25", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/honduras-general-2029" }, "now": { "election": "honduras-general-2029", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2029-11-25T23:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2029-11-25T17:00:00-06:00", "timezone": "America/Tegucigalpa", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "NA", "country_name": "Namibia", "next_election": { "id": "namibia-general-2029", "date": "2029-12-21", "date_status": "tentative", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/namibia-general-2029" }, "now": { "election": "namibia-general-2029", "verdict": "unverified", "days_before": null, "in_force": false, "starts_at": null, "ends_at": "2029-12-21T19:00:00Z", "ends_at_local": "2029-12-21T21:00:00+02:00", "timezone": "Africa/Windhoek", "date_tentative": true, "citation": null, "rule": null }, "standing": null, "rules": [] }, { "country": "BR", "country_name": "Brazil", "next_election": null, "now": null, "standing": { "rule_id": "br", "verdict": "no-ban", "days_before": null }, "rules": [ { "id": "br", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": null, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Lei n.º 9.504, de 30 de setembro de 1997 (Lei das Eleições); Resolução TSE n.º 23.600/2019 (Elections Law 9.504/1997; TSE Resolution 23.600/2019 on election polls)", "citation": "Lei 9.504/1997 arts. 33, 35-A (suspended); Res.-TSE 23.600/2019", "short": "Lei 9.504/1997, art. 33; STF ADI 3.741", "source": "https://www.planalto.gov.br/ccivil_03/leis/l9504.htm", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "unclear", "note": "Start: The 15-day pre-vote ban (Lei 9.504 art. 35-A, added by Lei 11.300/2006) is marked on Planalto 'Vide ADIN 3.741-2', the STF case that struck it down (decision not opened) | Court rulings (leads, not opened unless a source is given): STF ADI 3.741 (2006) struck down art. 35-A. Referenced on the Planalto page; the ruling itself was not opened | Amendments: Art. 33 amended by Lei 12.891/2013 (adds §5, the enquete ban). Res. 23.600 amended by Res. 23.676/2021; a 2026 draft exists. | No pre-vote ban is confirmed from the Planalto text plus its ADI note. Whether TSE rules restrict publishing election-day polls before voting ends (the lead) is UNVERIFIED, because the jus.br sites were blocked. | Also opened: https://www.tse.jus.br/legislacao/compilada/res/2019/resolucao-no-23-600-de-12-de-dezembro-de-2019" } ] }, { "country": "PE", "country_name": "Peru", "next_election": null, "now": null, "standing": { "rule_id": "pe", "verdict": "ban", "days_before": 6 }, "rules": [ { "id": "pe", "election": null, "kinds": null, "start": { "daysBefore": 6 }, "scope": [ "publication" ], "mode": "warn", "law": "Ley N.º 26859, Ley Orgánica de Elecciones; Reglamento sobre Encuestas Electorales (Res. N.º 0107-2025-JNE) (Organic Elections Law; JNE Regulation on Election Polls)", "citation": "LOE art. 191; JNE Reglamento art. 26", "short": "Ley 26859 (LOE), art. 191", "source": "https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2381011-1", "verified_at": "2026-10-25", "unverified": null, "covers_online": "yes", "note": "Start: Publication is allowed 'hasta el domingo anterior al día de las elecciones'. Elections are on Sunday, so the ban starts Monday 00:00 = D-6. For the 12 Apr 2026 general election, the JNE (per press) applied it from 00:00 Mon 6 Apr | End: not stated in the texts I read (the reglamento passages read did not give an election-day hour) | Amendments: PL 10993 (shorten to 3 days) was approved in committee in Oct 2025; I found no promulgated law. The JNE's Feb 2026 resolution still states the 'domingo anterior' rule. | Confidence rests on the official JNE regulation in El Peruano, which restates art. 191; the statute text itself was not read. The wording is a weekday anchor; it equals D-6 only because Peruvian elections are on Sundays. | Also opened: https://busquedas.elperuano.pe/dispositivo/NL/2489011-1 ; https://leyes.congreso.gob.pe/Documentos/Leyes/26859.pdf ; https://panamericana.pe/politica/455570-elecciones-2026-congreso-reduce-tres-dias-plazo-publicar-encuestas-comicios" } ] } ], "meta": { "dataset_version": "2026-10-26.74f9bab4", "built_at": "2026-10-26T08:01:24Z", "generated_at": "2026-10-26T16:14:26.774Z", "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org", "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs" } }