{ "data": { "id": "turkey-presidential-2023-r2", "country": "TR", "country_name": "Turkey", "level": "national", "subdivision": null, "subdivision_name": null, "date": "2023-05-28", "date_status": "declared", "date_window": null, "kind": "runoff", "conditional": "Held because no candidate won an absolute majority of the valid votes in the first round of 14 May 2023: YSK decision 2023/1091 (Resmî Gazete 32195 Mükerrer, 19 May 2023), item 3, 'ilk oylamada adayların hiçbirinin geçerli oyların salt çoğunluğunu alamadığına'. Under Constitution art. 101 and Law 6271 art. 4(1) the second round took place on the second Sunday after the first, between the two candidates with the most first-round votes, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (49.52%) and Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu (44.88%).", "timezone": "Europe/Istanbul", "status": "final-expected", "last_verified_at": "2026-10-03T12:00:00Z", "stale": false, "stale_reason": null, "provenance": { "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-03: YSK decisions 2023/1269 (Resmî Gazete 32208 Mükerrer, 1 Jun 2023) and 2023/1091 (Resmî Gazete 32195 Mükerrer, 19 May 2023), page images read from resmigazete.gov.tr; Law 298 art. 89; Law 6271 arts. 4, 20; Constitution arts. 79, 101; Law 5846 art. 31 (mevzuat.gov.tr)", "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index); vote counts Official publication of the Yüksek Seçim Kurulu (YSK decision in the Resmî Gazete); no reuse terms stated" }, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/turkey-presidential-2023-r2", "races": [ { "id": "president", "key": "turkey-presidential-2023-r2/president", "name": "President of the Republic (second round)", "body": "head-of-state", "seats": null, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2023-05-28T14:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "tr-ysk", "name": "Supreme Election Council", "name_local": "Yüksek Seçim Kurulu", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.ysk.gov.tr/", "results_index": "https://sonuc.ysk.gov.tr/", "open_data": null }, "status": "final-expected", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": { "at": "2023-06-01T20:59:59Z", "source": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/06/20230601M1-1.pdf" }, "final_expected": { "from": null, "by": "2023-06-11T20:59:59Z", "confidence": "precedent", "basis": "Polls closed at 17:00 local (UTC+3, no DST) = 14:00 UTC: Law 298 art. 89, voting 'saat sekizden on yediye kadar' (08:00-17:00); no change of hours by the YSK for this polling day was found. Voting abroad and at customs gates took place on earlier days and is included in the YSK's totals. Law 6271 art. 20(1): the final results are notified by the YSK to the Speaker of the Assembly and the Presidency, announced to the public and published in the Resmî Gazete; no deadline. Window: end of day 14 (Sun 11 Jun 2023 local), after the 2018 precedent (YSK decision 952 of 4 Jul 2018, day 10). Actual: YSK decision 2023/1269, '28 Mayıs 2023 Pazar günü yapılan Cumhurbaşkanı Seçimi ikinci oylaması kesin sonuçlarının tespitine' and item 3 'Bu sonuca göre geçerli oyların salt çoğunluğunu alan Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN'ın Cumhurbaşkanı seçildiğinin tespitine', taken '01.06.2023 tarihinde oy birliği ile' and published in Resmî Gazete 32208 (Mükerrer) of 1 Jun 2023 (day 4). The decision gives a date only, no time: observedAt is the end of that day, 23:59:59 local (UTC+3) = 20:59:59 UTC. YSK decisions are final and cannot be appealed to any other body (Constitution art. 79), so there is no court-validation stage. No election-night stage is recorded: no YSK document on the provisional count was read for this record." }, "last_final": { "election": "President of the Republic (first round) 2023", "election_id": "turkey-general-2023", "polling_day": "2023-05-14", "final_on": "2023-05-19", "days": 5, "act": null, "source": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/05/20230519M1-1.pdf", "source_kind": "authority", "note": null }, "previous": { "election_id": "turkey-general-2023", "race_id": "president", "date": "2023-05-14", "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/turkey-general-2023" }, "stages": [ { "stage": "final-result", "from": null, "by": "2023-06-11T20:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Polls closed at 17:00 local (UTC+3, no DST) = 14:00 UTC: Law 298 art. 89, voting 'saat sekizden on yediye kadar' (08:00-17:00); no change of hours by the YSK for this polling day was found. Voting abroad and at customs gates took place on earlier days and is included in the YSK's totals. Law 6271 art. 20(1): the final results are notified by the YSK to the Speaker of the Assembly and the Presidency, announced to the public and published in the Resmî Gazete; no deadline. Window: end of day 14 (Sun 11 Jun 2023 local), after the 2018 precedent (YSK decision 952 of 4 Jul 2018, day 10). Actual: YSK decision 2023/1269, '28 Mayıs 2023 Pazar günü yapılan Cumhurbaşkanı Seçimi ikinci oylaması kesin sonuçlarının tespitine' and item 3 'Bu sonuca göre geçerli oyların salt çoğunluğunu alan Recep Tayyip ERDOĞAN'ın Cumhurbaşkanı seçildiğinin tespitine', taken '01.06.2023 tarihinde oy birliği ile' and published in Resmî Gazete 32208 (Mükerrer) of 1 Jun 2023 (day 4). The decision gives a date only, no time: observedAt is the end of that day, 23:59:59 local (UTC+3) = 20:59:59 UTC. YSK decisions are final and cannot be appealed to any other body (Constitution art. 79), so there is no court-validation stage. No election-night stage is recorded: no YSK document on the provisional count was read for this record.", "source": null, "observedAt": "2023-06-01T20:59:59Z", "observedSource": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/06/20230601M1-1.pdf" } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/06/20230601M1-1.pdf", "role": "results-final", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "YSK decision 2023/1269 of 1 Jun 2023 on the final results of the second round of 28 May 2023, Resmî Gazete 32208 (Mükerrer), 1 Jun 2023, 9 pp.: decision text and tables CM/2 (domestic), CM/3 (abroad), CM/4 (customs gates), CM/5 (Turkey-wide total), followed by the elected President's asset declaration (not used). Scanned images; read from page images.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.ysk.gov.tr/tr/karar/liste", "role": "results-final", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "YSK decision archive (Karar Arşivi), where the Council's decisions, including the final-result decisions cited here, are listed. ysk.gov.tr refused direct TLS connections on 3 Oct 2026; the gazette PDF above is the copy read.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://sonuc.ysk.gov.tr/", "role": "results-live", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "YSK 'Sandık Sonuçları ve Tutanaklar' service: ballot-box results and tally sheets for all elections, rendered by script. Box-level counts, not the YSK's final decision.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=298&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=4", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Law 298 on the Basic Provisions of Elections and Voter Registers: art. 89 (voting 08:00-17:00), art. 130 (objections).", "check": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/mevzuat?MevzuatNo=6271&MevzuatTur=1&MevzuatTertip=5", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Law 6271 on Presidential Elections: art. 4 (second round), art. 20 (final results announced by the YSK and published in the Resmî Gazete).", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.ysk.gov.tr/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": null } ], "page_activity": [], "government": null, "results": [ { "stage": "final-result", "published_at": "2023-06-01", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-03T12:00:00Z", "source": "https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2023/06/20230601M1-1.pdf", "publisher": "Yüksek Seçim Kurulu (decision 2023/1269, Resmî Gazete 32208 Mükerrer)", "licence": "Official publication of the Yüksek Seçim Kurulu (YSK decision in the Resmî Gazete); no reuse terms stated", "total_votes": 53339313, "electorate": 64197454, "ballots": 54023601, "turnout": 84.15, "note": "Table CM/5 'Yurt içi, yurt dışı ve gümrük sandıkları dahil Cumhurbaşkanı seçim sonucu' (Turkey-wide total): registered 64,197,454; voters 54,023,601; valid 53,339,313; invalid 684,288; turnout 84.15%. Shares: Erdoğan 52.18%, Kılıçdaroğlu 47.82%. The table prints names in capitals. Checked twice: rows add up to the valid votes, and domestic (CM/2: 51,418,556), abroad (CM/3: 1,774,459) and customs (CM/4: 146,298) columns add up to each candidate's total; voters and invalid votes add up across the three tables too. Decision item 3 declares Recep Tayyip Erdoğan elected President with an absolute majority of valid votes. Licence: the counts are the YSK's own decision as printed in the Resmî Gazete, the official gazette (resmigazete.gov.tr, issued by the Presidency's Directorate General of Law and Legislation). Neither site states reuse terms for this content: resmigazete.gov.tr carries only the footer '© 2026 Tüm Hakları Saklıdır. Gizlilik, Kullanım ve Telif Hakları bildiriminde belirtilen kurallar çerçevesinde hizmet sunulmaktadır', but that notice is not linked or reachable (3 Oct 2026: /gizlilik, /telif-haklari, /kullanim-ve-telif-haklari etc. all return the home page); ysk.gov.tr carries 'Her Hakkı Saklıdır © 2019' with no terms page (read via r.jina.ai; direct TLS connection refused). Law 5846 on Intellectual and Artistic Works art. 31: 'Resmen yayımlanan veya ilan olunan kanun, Cumhurbaşkanlığı kararnamesi, yönetmelik, tebliğ, genelge ve kazai kararların çoğaltılması, yayılması, işlenmesi veya her hangi bir suretle bunlardan faydalanma serbesttir' (mevzuat.gov.tr/MevzuatMetin/1.3.5846.pdf).", "rows": [ { "candidate": "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan", "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 27834589, "share": 52.18, "seats": null, "winner": true }, { "candidate": "Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu", "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 25504724, "share": 47.82, "seats": null, "winner": false } ] } ], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/turkey-presidential-2023-r2#president" } ] }, "meta": { "dataset_version": "2026-10-03.3531b9d3", "built_at": "2026-10-03T12:45:54Z", "generated_at": "2026-10-03T15:00:20.668Z", "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org", "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs" } }