{
  "data": {
    "id": "philippines-general-2022",
    "country": "PH",
    "country_name": "Philippines",
    "level": "national",
    "subdivision": null,
    "subdivision_name": null,
    "date": "2022-05-09",
    "date_status": "declared",
    "date_window": null,
    "kind": "general",
    "conditional": null,
    "timezone": "Asia/Manila",
    "status": "final-expected",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-10-03T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-03: Congressional Record vol. 4 (18th Congress 3RS), JPS No. 1, JPS No. 1a, JCM No. 1 and JCM No. 1a (docs.congress.hrep.online); COMELEC Report to the President and the Congress on the 2022 NLE (comelec.gov.ph); 1987 Constitution art. VII and RA 9369 (lawphil.net). Resolution of Both Houses No. 1 (legacy.senate.gov.ph) not reachable. Senate and House of Representatives 2022 not included: the House is elected by two vote measures (district and party-list) and the Senate race of 2022 is not this file's queue item.",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index); no vote counts recorded yet (see the race sources)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/philippines-general-2022",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "president",
        "key": "philippines-general-2022/president",
        "name": "President",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": 1,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2022-05-09T11:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "ph-comelec",
          "name": "Commission on Elections",
          "name_local": null,
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/",
          "results_index": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=ListElectedCandidates",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "final-expected",
        "expected_stage_now": "election-night",
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": {
          "at": "2022-05-25T10:11:00Z",
          "source": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf"
        },
        "final_expected": {
          "from": null,
          "by": "2022-06-30T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "Canvassed and proclaimed by Congress in joint public session as national board of canvassers (Constitution art. VII s.4; RA 9369 s.23). The certificates had to be opened within thirty days after the election (by 8 Jun 2022); there is no deadline for the proclamation itself beyond the start of the term at noon on 30 Jun 2022, so the window closes just before noon PHT that day. Observed: the Joint Public Session resumed at 5:40 p.m. on Wednesday 25 May 2022, approved the Report of the Joint Committee, adopted Resolution of Both Houses No. 1, and the Senate President ('on the part of the Senate, I proclaim Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. as the duly elected President of the Republic of the Philippines, and Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio as the duly elected Vice President') and then the Speaker proclaimed the winners; the record then shows the session suspended at 6:11 p.m. (Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1a, pp. 168-170). The record gives no minute for the proclamation, so observedAt is 6:11 p.m. PHT (10:11 UTC), the first time recorded after it; it took place between 5:40 and 6:11 p.m. Contests go to the Supreme Court as Presidential Electoral Tribunal (art. VII s.4); there is no confirmation step, so no court-validation stage."
        },
        "last_final": null,
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          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2022-05-09T11:00:00Z",
            "by": "2022-05-10T15:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Unofficial count: the vote counting machines transmit precinct results to the boards of canvassers, the COMELEC results website and the transparency servers from the close (RA 9369 ss.19-21). Polls were scheduled to close at 7:00 p.m. PHT (UTC+8) = 11:00 UTC (COMELEC Report to the President and the Congress on the 2022 NLE, ch. 5, p. 75; the report's timeline infographic says voting locations closed at 8:00 p.m. as the day 'was extended by a few hours to accommodate long queues', so some precincts closed later). The report states 75 percent of the votes were transmitted 'within three hours or at 10:00 p.m. after the polls closed at 7:00 p.m.' ESTIMATE window: close of polls to the end of the day after polling, PHT. This is the transmitted precinct count, not the canvass; no single moment for it is recorded, so no observedAt.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": null,
            "by": "2022-06-30T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "Canvassed and proclaimed by Congress in joint public session as national board of canvassers (Constitution art. VII s.4; RA 9369 s.23). The certificates had to be opened within thirty days after the election (by 8 Jun 2022); there is no deadline for the proclamation itself beyond the start of the term at noon on 30 Jun 2022, so the window closes just before noon PHT that day. Observed: the Joint Public Session resumed at 5:40 p.m. on Wednesday 25 May 2022, approved the Report of the Joint Committee, adopted Resolution of Both Houses No. 1, and the Senate President ('on the part of the Senate, I proclaim Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. as the duly elected President of the Republic of the Philippines, and Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio as the duly elected Vice President') and then the Speaker proclaimed the winners; the record then shows the session suspended at 6:11 p.m. (Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1a, pp. 168-170). The record gives no minute for the proclamation, so observedAt is 6:11 p.m. PHT (10:11 UTC), the first time recorded after it; it took place between 5:40 and 6:11 p.m. Contests go to the Supreme Court as Presidential Electoral Tribunal (art. VII s.4); there is no confirmation step, so no court-validation stage.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": "2022-05-25T10:11:00Z",
            "observedSource": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
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            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record, 18th Congress 3rd Regular Session, vol. 4, JPS No. 1a (Wednesday 25 May 2022), Joint Public Session to canvass the votes cast for Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates in the May 9, 2022 elections (House of Representatives and Senate; read 3 Oct 2026). Resumed at 5:40 p.m.; the Report of the Joint Committee and Resolution of Both Houses No. 1 ('declaring the results of the national elections held on May 9, 2022 for the offices of President and Vice President, and proclaiming the duly elected President and Vice President') were approved and adopted, the Senate President and the Speaker proclaimed the winners, and the session was suspended at 6:11 p.m. and adjourned at 6:35 p.m. The sponsorship speech gives Ferdinand 'Bongbong' Romualdez Marcos Jr. 31,629,783 votes, 'a lead of 16,594,010 over the second placer', 58.77 percent of the total votes cast, and 55,197,306 votes cast in all (an '82 percent voter turnout'). The full per-candidate table is in the Joint Committee Report and RBH No. 1, 'printed separately' as an annex that is not in this file.",
            "check": null
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          {
            "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3761634065!.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Resolution of Both Houses No. 1 (25 May 2022) on the Senate's legislative information system, the document with every candidate's canvassed total (address as cited by Wikipedia). NOT READ: legacy.senate.gov.ph and every senate.gov.ph host answered 403 to this session on 3 Oct 2026 (also through a text proxy); the Wayback Machine was unreachable. Read it from a browser before adding counts.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2022NLE/ReportToThePresidentAndCongress/09262024_ReportToThePresidentAndCongress.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "COMELEC, Report to the President and the Congress on the 2022 National and Local Elections (posted 26 Sep 2024), ch. 5, pp. 86-90: Table 19 registered voters and voters who voted (grand total 67,525,619 registered, 56,095,234 voted, 83.07%), Table 20 winners' totals and p. 90 text: 'In a joint Session of Congress, on May 25, 2022, presidential aspirant Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. was proclaimed the winner by a landslide of 31,629,783 votes' and the runners-up' totals. P. 75: voting 'was scheduled from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.'.",
            "check": null
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          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJCM.01-20220524.pdf",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JCM No. 1 (24 May 2022): Joint Committee meeting canvassing the certificates of canvass (COCs), with each COC's per-candidate figures read into the record. Summing the readings in JCM No. 1 and No. 1a reproduces the winners' totals exactly but not every candidate's, because of reading or transcription slips in the record (e.g. Surigao del Sur, Pacquiao '8,632'; Agusan del Sur, Pangilinan '72,571'), so the readings are not a substitute for RBH No. 1.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJCM.01a-20220525.pdf",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JCM No. 1a (25 May 2022): the Joint Committee finished the canvass of all COCs ('the canvassing of the votes for Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates in the May 9, 2022 elections is hereby terminated') and was suspended at 3:35 p.m. to await the draft Joint Committee report.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01-20220524.pdf",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1 (24 May 2022): the Joint Public Session convened at 10:14 a.m. under the concurrent resolution setting the canvass, and referred the COCs to the Joint Committee.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "1987 Constitution art. VII s.4: certificates of canvass go to the Senate President, who 'shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session'; Congress canvasses and proclaims the person with the highest number of votes; the term begins at noon on 30 June.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9369_2007.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "RA 9369 s.23 (amending RA 7166 s.30): Congress in joint public session as the national board of canvassers for President and Vice President.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_canvass_for_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election",
            "role": "see-also",
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            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
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          {
            "url": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/?r=ListElectedCandidates",
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            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
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            "origin": "authority",
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            "url": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/",
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            "kind": "emb_home",
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            "origin": "authority",
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        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/philippines-general-2022#president"
      },
      {
        "id": "vice-president",
        "key": "philippines-general-2022/vice-president",
        "name": "Vice President",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": 1,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2022-05-09T11:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "ph-comelec",
          "name": "Commission on Elections",
          "name_local": null,
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/",
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        "status": "final-expected",
        "expected_stage_now": "election-night",
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": {
          "at": "2022-05-25T10:11:00Z",
          "source": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf"
        },
        "final_expected": {
          "from": null,
          "by": "2022-06-30T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "Elected separately from the President on the same ballot (art. VII s.3) and canvassed in the same joint session. Canvassed and proclaimed by Congress in joint public session as national board of canvassers (Constitution art. VII s.4; RA 9369 s.23). The certificates had to be opened within thirty days after the election (by 8 Jun 2022); there is no deadline for the proclamation itself beyond the start of the term at noon on 30 Jun 2022, so the window closes just before noon PHT that day. Observed: the Joint Public Session resumed at 5:40 p.m. on Wednesday 25 May 2022, approved the Report of the Joint Committee, adopted Resolution of Both Houses No. 1, and the Senate President ('on the part of the Senate, I proclaim Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. as the duly elected President of the Republic of the Philippines, and Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio as the duly elected Vice President') and then the Speaker proclaimed the winners; the record then shows the session suspended at 6:11 p.m. (Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1a, pp. 168-170). The record gives no minute for the proclamation, so observedAt is 6:11 p.m. PHT (10:11 UTC), the first time recorded after it; it took place between 5:40 and 6:11 p.m. Contests go to the Supreme Court as Presidential Electoral Tribunal (art. VII s.4); there is no confirmation step, so no court-validation stage."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2022-05-09T11:00:00Z",
            "by": "2022-05-10T15:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Unofficial count: the vote counting machines transmit precinct results to the boards of canvassers, the COMELEC results website and the transparency servers from the close (RA 9369 ss.19-21). Polls were scheduled to close at 7:00 p.m. PHT (UTC+8) = 11:00 UTC (COMELEC Report to the President and the Congress on the 2022 NLE, ch. 5, p. 75; the report's timeline infographic says voting locations closed at 8:00 p.m. as the day 'was extended by a few hours to accommodate long queues', so some precincts closed later). The report states 75 percent of the votes were transmitted 'within three hours or at 10:00 p.m. after the polls closed at 7:00 p.m.' ESTIMATE window: close of polls to the end of the day after polling, PHT. This is the transmitted precinct count, not the canvass; no single moment for it is recorded, so no observedAt.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
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          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": null,
            "by": "2022-06-30T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "Elected separately from the President on the same ballot (art. VII s.3) and canvassed in the same joint session. Canvassed and proclaimed by Congress in joint public session as national board of canvassers (Constitution art. VII s.4; RA 9369 s.23). The certificates had to be opened within thirty days after the election (by 8 Jun 2022); there is no deadline for the proclamation itself beyond the start of the term at noon on 30 Jun 2022, so the window closes just before noon PHT that day. Observed: the Joint Public Session resumed at 5:40 p.m. on Wednesday 25 May 2022, approved the Report of the Joint Committee, adopted Resolution of Both Houses No. 1, and the Senate President ('on the part of the Senate, I proclaim Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. as the duly elected President of the Republic of the Philippines, and Sara Zimmerman Duterte-Carpio as the duly elected Vice President') and then the Speaker proclaimed the winners; the record then shows the session suspended at 6:11 p.m. (Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1a, pp. 168-170). The record gives no minute for the proclamation, so observedAt is 6:11 p.m. PHT (10:11 UTC), the first time recorded after it; it took place between 5:40 and 6:11 p.m. Contests go to the Supreme Court as Presidential Electoral Tribunal (art. VII s.4); there is no confirmation step, so no court-validation stage.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": "2022-05-25T10:11:00Z",
            "observedSource": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf"
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        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01a-20220525.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record, 18th Congress 3rd Regular Session, vol. 4, JPS No. 1a (Wednesday 25 May 2022), Joint Public Session to canvass the votes cast for Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates in the May 9, 2022 elections (House of Representatives and Senate; read 3 Oct 2026). Resumed at 5:40 p.m.; the Report of the Joint Committee and Resolution of Both Houses No. 1 ('declaring the results of the national elections held on May 9, 2022 for the offices of President and Vice President, and proclaiming the duly elected President and Vice President') were approved and adopted, the Senate President and the Speaker proclaimed the winners, and the session was suspended at 6:11 p.m. and adjourned at 6:35 p.m. The sponsorship speech gives Sara Zimmerman Duterte 32,208,417 votes, 'a lead of 22,879,210 over her closest opponent', 61.53 percent of the total votes cast. The full per-candidate table is in the Joint Committee Report and RBH No. 1, 'printed separately' as an annex that is not in this file.",
            "check": null
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          {
            "url": "https://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/3761634065!.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Resolution of Both Houses No. 1 (25 May 2022) on the Senate's legislative information system, the document with every candidate's canvassed total (address as cited by Wikipedia). NOT READ: legacy.senate.gov.ph and every senate.gov.ph host answered 403 to this session on 3 Oct 2026 (also through a text proxy); the Wayback Machine was unreachable. Read it from a browser before adding counts.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.comelec.gov.ph/php-tpls-attachments/2022NLE/ReportToThePresidentAndCongress/09262024_ReportToThePresidentAndCongress.pdf",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "COMELEC, Report to the President and the Congress on the 2022 National and Local Elections (posted 26 Sep 2024), ch. 5, pp. 86-90: Table 19 registered voters and voters who voted (grand total 67,525,619 registered, 56,095,234 voted, 83.07%), Table 20 winners' totals and p. 90 text: 'In a joint Session of Congress, on May 25, 2022, presidential aspirant Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. was proclaimed the winner by a landslide of 31,629,783 votes' and the runners-up' totals. P. 75: voting 'was scheduled from 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m.'.",
            "check": null
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          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJCM.01-20220524.pdf",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JCM No. 1 (24 May 2022): Joint Committee meeting canvassing the certificates of canvass (COCs), with each COC's per-candidate figures read into the record. Summing the readings in JCM No. 1 and No. 1a reproduces the winners' totals exactly but not every candidate's, because of reading or transcription slips in the record (e.g. Surigao del Sur, Pacquiao '8,632'; Agusan del Sur, Pangilinan '72,571'), so the readings are not a substitute for RBH No. 1.",
            "check": null
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          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJCM.01a-20220525.pdf",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JCM No. 1a (25 May 2022): the Joint Committee finished the canvass of all COCs ('the canvassing of the votes for Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates in the May 9, 2022 elections is hereby terminated') and was suspended at 3:35 p.m. to await the draft Joint Committee report.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://docs.congress.hrep.online/legisdocs/congrec/18th/3rd/18CJS3RS-VOL4RECJPS.01-20220524.pdf",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Congressional Record vol. 4, JPS No. 1 (24 May 2022): the Joint Public Session convened at 10:14 a.m. under the concurrent resolution setting the canvass, and referred the COCs to the Joint Committee.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lawphil.net/consti/cons1987.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "1987 Constitution art. VII s.4: certificates of canvass go to the Senate President, who 'shall, not later than thirty days after the day of the election, open all the certificates in the presence of the Senate and the House of Representatives in joint public session'; Congress canvasses and proclaims the person with the highest number of votes; the term begins at noon on 30 June.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://lawphil.net/statutes/repacts/ra2007/ra_9369_2007.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "RA 9369 s.23 (amending RA 7166 s.30): Congress in joint public session as the national board of canvassers for President and Vice President.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Philippine_presidential_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "The English Wikipedia covers the vice-presidential race in the article on the presidential election (no separate 2022 vice-presidential article on 3 Oct 2026).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_canvass_for_the_2022_Philippine_presidential_election",
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