{
  "data": {
    "id": "paraguay-general-2028",
    "country": "PY",
    "country_name": "Paraguay",
    "level": "national",
    "subdivision": null,
    "subdivision_name": null,
    "date": "2028-05-14",
    "date_status": "tentative",
    "kind": "general",
    "conditional": null,
    "timezone": "America/Asuncion",
    "status": "scheduled",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-10-02T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-02: Constitución Nacional arts. 187, 221, 223, 229-231, 273, 275 (bacn.gov.py); Código Electoral Ley 834/96 arts. 153 (as amended by Ley 5286/2014, via tsje.gov.py), 218, 232-237 (bacn.gov.py; TSJE 2023 compilation); Ley 7354/2024 (silpy.congreso.gov.py); TSJE pages 'Elecciones Generales', news 10577 (2023 Acuerdo y Sentencia 15/2023) and 7356 (2018 proclamation); ABC Color 2 Oct 2026; Última Hora 11 Apr 2022",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "president",
        "key": "paraguay-general-2028/president",
        "name": "President and Vice President",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": null,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "py-tsje",
          "name": "Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice",
          "name_local": "Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
          "results_index": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
          "open_data": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje"
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. The president-elect takes office on 15 Aug 2028 (art. 229); if no one has been proclaimed by then, the outgoing president hands over to the President of the Supreme Court (art. 231)."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-16T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "DATE (tentative): no convocation yet. The outgoing term began on 15 Aug 2023 and runs five years (Constitution art. 229), so it expires on 15 Aug 2028, when the new president takes office. Art. 230: the election falls 'entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período', i.e. between 17 Apr 2028 (120 days before) and 17 May 2028 (90 days before). We use the latest Sunday in that window, Sun 14 May 2028: the law names no weekday, but every general election under the 1992 Constitution has been held on a Sunday (30 Apr 2023, 22 Apr 2018). The TSJE fixes the actual date in its convocation, due at least eight months ahead (Código Electoral art. 153 as amended by Ley 5286/2014), i.e. by mid-Sep 2027 for a 14 May date; for 2023 it published the schedule in Dec 2021 (Res. TSJE N° 108/2021) and the convocation on 11 Apr 2022 (Res. TSJE N° 16/2022, Última Hora, 11 Apr 2022) for 30 Apr 2023. The date may well be earlier in the window (2023: day 107 before 15 Aug). Paraguay has no snap elections: the date can only move within the constitutional window, or if the presidency falls vacant (art. 234) for the executive. POLLS: Código Electoral art. 218 closes voting at 17:00 in summer time and 16:00 in winter time. Since Ley N° 7354/2024 (in force from the first Sunday of October 2024) Paraguay keeps UTC-3 all year, and the TSJE closed the 4 Oct 2026 municipal vote at 17:00 (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026); in 2023, under the old winter time (UTC-4), it closed at 16:00. We assume 17:00 UTC-3 = 20:00 UTC; the TSJE's 2028 schedule will confirm. The TSJE's TREP publishes preliminary results from the close (2026: first results expected about 30 minutes after it, per the TSJE's director of IT, ABC Color 2 Oct 2026). The window end, end of Mon 15 May local, is our estimate. The TREP is preliminary and not the official result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. The president-elect takes office on 15 Aug 2028 (art. 229); if no one has been proclaimed by then, the outgoing president hands over to the President of the Supreme Court (art. 231).",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "results_index",
            "kindReason": "results host, but its root lists many elections",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE results host, the 'RESULTADOS' link of the TSJE elections portal elecciones.gov.py (which also links its TREP page at resultados.tsje.gov.py/publicacion/divulgacion.html for the 4 Oct 2026 municipal elections). It answered 403 (Sucuri firewall) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026, so its current content was not read. No page for the 2028 general election exists yet; the path is unconfirmed. The TREP (Transmisión de Resultados Electorales Preliminares) is a preliminary count, not the official result (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026, quoting the TSJE's director of IT).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE open-data group on the national open-data portal, where the definitive results of past general elections are published by polling station and district (TSJE list 'Links_Datos_Abiertos_2025.pdf': 'Resultados de Elecciones Generales 2023 por mesa', 'Resultados de las Elecciones Municipales y Generales 1996-2023 por Distrito'). The 2028 definitive results are not there yet. The legally final act is the TSJE's Acuerdo y Sentencia declaring the count definitive (2023: N° 15/2023, tsje.gov.py/descarga.php?id=acuerdo-y-sentencia-15-2023.pdf).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/9580/constitucion-nacional-",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución Nacional 1992 (Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso). Art. 229: President and Vice President serve five years 'a contar desde el quince de agosto siguiente a las elecciones'. Art. 230: they are elected jointly, by simple majority (single round), 'en comicios generales que se realizarán entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período constitucional vigente'. Art. 187: senators and deputies are elected 'en comicios simultáneos con los presidenciales' and serve five years from 1 July. Art. 221: Chamber of Deputies, at least 80 members elected in departmental colleges (Asunción is its own college), seats per department set by the TSJE before each election. Art. 223: Senate, at least 45 members, single national constituency. Art. 273: 'la convocatoria, el juzgamiento ... de las elecciones generales' belong exclusively to the Justicia Electoral.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley N° 834/96, Código Electoral Paraguayo (BACN, with its list of amending laws). Art. 153 as amended by Ley N° 5286/2014 (quoted by the TSJE, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/4114, 23 Sep 2014): national elections 'serán convocadas por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, con por lo menos ocho meses de antelación'; the convocation fixes the date of the election and of the simultaneous party primaries. The Code itself fixes no polling date. Art. 218 (unchanged in the TSJE's 2023 compilation 'Normas electorales referentes al proceso de las votaciones'): voting closes 'a las diez y siete horas en el horario de verano y dieciséis horas en el horario de invierno'. Arts. 232-237: the electoral tribunals compute the count; art. 235: the Justicia Electoral judges the elections and the titles of those elected.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales.html",
            "role": "calendar",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE page 'Elecciones Generales' (read 2 Oct 2026): general elections are held every five years 'en el mes de abril o mayo' and elect 1 president and 1 vice president, 80 deputies and 80 alternates, 45 senators and 30 alternates, 17 governors and 17 departmental boards, and 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament. It does not yet give a 2028 date.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Paraguay",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English or Spanish Wikipedia article for the 2028 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028#president"
      },
      {
        "id": "senate",
        "key": "paraguay-general-2028/senate",
        "name": "Chamber of Senators",
        "body": "legislature-upper",
        "seats": 45,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "py-tsje",
          "name": "Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice",
          "name_local": "Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
          "results_index": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
          "open_data": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje"
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 45 senators (and 30 alternates) in one national constituency (Constitution art. 223; TSJE 'Elecciones Generales' page). The new Congress serves from 1 Jul 2028 (art. 187), a hard backstop for the proclamation."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-16T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "DATE (tentative): no convocation yet. The outgoing term began on 15 Aug 2023 and runs five years (Constitution art. 229), so it expires on 15 Aug 2028, when the new president takes office. Art. 230: the election falls 'entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período', i.e. between 17 Apr 2028 (120 days before) and 17 May 2028 (90 days before). We use the latest Sunday in that window, Sun 14 May 2028: the law names no weekday, but every general election under the 1992 Constitution has been held on a Sunday (30 Apr 2023, 22 Apr 2018). The TSJE fixes the actual date in its convocation, due at least eight months ahead (Código Electoral art. 153 as amended by Ley 5286/2014), i.e. by mid-Sep 2027 for a 14 May date; for 2023 it published the schedule in Dec 2021 (Res. TSJE N° 108/2021) and the convocation on 11 Apr 2022 (Res. TSJE N° 16/2022, Última Hora, 11 Apr 2022) for 30 Apr 2023. The date may well be earlier in the window (2023: day 107 before 15 Aug). Paraguay has no snap elections: the date can only move within the constitutional window, or if the presidency falls vacant (art. 234) for the executive. POLLS: Código Electoral art. 218 closes voting at 17:00 in summer time and 16:00 in winter time. Since Ley N° 7354/2024 (in force from the first Sunday of October 2024) Paraguay keeps UTC-3 all year, and the TSJE closed the 4 Oct 2026 municipal vote at 17:00 (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026); in 2023, under the old winter time (UTC-4), it closed at 16:00. We assume 17:00 UTC-3 = 20:00 UTC; the TSJE's 2028 schedule will confirm. The TSJE's TREP publishes preliminary results from the close (2026: first results expected about 30 minutes after it, per the TSJE's director of IT, ABC Color 2 Oct 2026). The window end, end of Mon 15 May local, is our estimate. The TREP is preliminary and not the official result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 45 senators (and 30 alternates) in one national constituency (Constitution art. 223; TSJE 'Elecciones Generales' page). The new Congress serves from 1 Jul 2028 (art. 187), a hard backstop for the proclamation.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "results_index",
            "kindReason": "results host, but its root lists many elections",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE results host, the 'RESULTADOS' link of the TSJE elections portal elecciones.gov.py (which also links its TREP page at resultados.tsje.gov.py/publicacion/divulgacion.html for the 4 Oct 2026 municipal elections). It answered 403 (Sucuri firewall) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026, so its current content was not read. No page for the 2028 general election exists yet; the path is unconfirmed. The TREP (Transmisión de Resultados Electorales Preliminares) is a preliminary count, not the official result (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026, quoting the TSJE's director of IT).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE open-data group on the national open-data portal, where the definitive results of past general elections are published by polling station and district (TSJE list 'Links_Datos_Abiertos_2025.pdf': 'Resultados de Elecciones Generales 2023 por mesa', 'Resultados de las Elecciones Municipales y Generales 1996-2023 por Distrito'). The 2028 definitive results are not there yet. The legally final act is the TSJE's Acuerdo y Sentencia declaring the count definitive (2023: N° 15/2023, tsje.gov.py/descarga.php?id=acuerdo-y-sentencia-15-2023.pdf).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/9580/constitucion-nacional-",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución Nacional 1992 (Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso). Art. 229: President and Vice President serve five years 'a contar desde el quince de agosto siguiente a las elecciones'. Art. 230: they are elected jointly, by simple majority (single round), 'en comicios generales que se realizarán entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período constitucional vigente'. Art. 187: senators and deputies are elected 'en comicios simultáneos con los presidenciales' and serve five years from 1 July. Art. 221: Chamber of Deputies, at least 80 members elected in departmental colleges (Asunción is its own college), seats per department set by the TSJE before each election. Art. 223: Senate, at least 45 members, single national constituency. Art. 273: 'la convocatoria, el juzgamiento ... de las elecciones generales' belong exclusively to the Justicia Electoral.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley N° 834/96, Código Electoral Paraguayo (BACN, with its list of amending laws). Art. 153 as amended by Ley N° 5286/2014 (quoted by the TSJE, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/4114, 23 Sep 2014): national elections 'serán convocadas por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, con por lo menos ocho meses de antelación'; the convocation fixes the date of the election and of the simultaneous party primaries. The Code itself fixes no polling date. Art. 218 (unchanged in the TSJE's 2023 compilation 'Normas electorales referentes al proceso de las votaciones'): voting closes 'a las diez y siete horas en el horario de verano y dieciséis horas en el horario de invierno'. Arts. 232-237: the electoral tribunals compute the count; art. 235: the Justicia Electoral judges the elections and the titles of those elected.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales.html",
            "role": "calendar",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE page 'Elecciones Generales' (read 2 Oct 2026): general elections are held every five years 'en el mes de abril o mayo' and elect 1 president and 1 vice president, 80 deputies and 80 alternates, 45 senators and 30 alternates, 17 governors and 17 departmental boards, and 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament. It does not yet give a 2028 date.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Paraguay",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English or Spanish Wikipedia article for the 2028 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028#senate"
      },
      {
        "id": "chamber",
        "key": "paraguay-general-2028/chamber",
        "name": "Chamber of Deputies",
        "body": "legislature-lower",
        "seats": 80,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "py-tsje",
          "name": "Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice",
          "name_local": "Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
          "results_index": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
          "open_data": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje"
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 80 deputies (and 80 alternates) elected in departmental colleges, Asunción being its own college; the TSJE distributes the seats among departments before each election (Constitution art. 221). In 2023 the TSJE proclaimed the deputies in the same Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023; in 2018 their ceremony was on 31 May (day 39). The new Congress serves from 1 Jul 2028 (art. 187)."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-16T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "DATE (tentative): no convocation yet. The outgoing term began on 15 Aug 2023 and runs five years (Constitution art. 229), so it expires on 15 Aug 2028, when the new president takes office. Art. 230: the election falls 'entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período', i.e. between 17 Apr 2028 (120 days before) and 17 May 2028 (90 days before). We use the latest Sunday in that window, Sun 14 May 2028: the law names no weekday, but every general election under the 1992 Constitution has been held on a Sunday (30 Apr 2023, 22 Apr 2018). The TSJE fixes the actual date in its convocation, due at least eight months ahead (Código Electoral art. 153 as amended by Ley 5286/2014), i.e. by mid-Sep 2027 for a 14 May date; for 2023 it published the schedule in Dec 2021 (Res. TSJE N° 108/2021) and the convocation on 11 Apr 2022 (Res. TSJE N° 16/2022, Última Hora, 11 Apr 2022) for 30 Apr 2023. The date may well be earlier in the window (2023: day 107 before 15 Aug). Paraguay has no snap elections: the date can only move within the constitutional window, or if the presidency falls vacant (art. 234) for the executive. POLLS: Código Electoral art. 218 closes voting at 17:00 in summer time and 16:00 in winter time. Since Ley N° 7354/2024 (in force from the first Sunday of October 2024) Paraguay keeps UTC-3 all year, and the TSJE closed the 4 Oct 2026 municipal vote at 17:00 (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026); in 2023, under the old winter time (UTC-4), it closed at 16:00. We assume 17:00 UTC-3 = 20:00 UTC; the TSJE's 2028 schedule will confirm. The TSJE's TREP publishes preliminary results from the close (2026: first results expected about 30 minutes after it, per the TSJE's director of IT, ABC Color 2 Oct 2026). The window end, end of Mon 15 May local, is our estimate. The TREP is preliminary and not the official result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 80 deputies (and 80 alternates) elected in departmental colleges, Asunción being its own college; the TSJE distributes the seats among departments before each election (Constitution art. 221). In 2023 the TSJE proclaimed the deputies in the same Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023; in 2018 their ceremony was on 31 May (day 39). The new Congress serves from 1 Jul 2028 (art. 187).",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "results_index",
            "kindReason": "results host, but its root lists many elections",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE results host, the 'RESULTADOS' link of the TSJE elections portal elecciones.gov.py (which also links its TREP page at resultados.tsje.gov.py/publicacion/divulgacion.html for the 4 Oct 2026 municipal elections). It answered 403 (Sucuri firewall) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026, so its current content was not read. No page for the 2028 general election exists yet; the path is unconfirmed. The TREP (Transmisión de Resultados Electorales Preliminares) is a preliminary count, not the official result (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026, quoting the TSJE's director of IT).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE open-data group on the national open-data portal, where the definitive results of past general elections are published by polling station and district (TSJE list 'Links_Datos_Abiertos_2025.pdf': 'Resultados de Elecciones Generales 2023 por mesa', 'Resultados de las Elecciones Municipales y Generales 1996-2023 por Distrito'). The 2028 definitive results are not there yet. The legally final act is the TSJE's Acuerdo y Sentencia declaring the count definitive (2023: N° 15/2023, tsje.gov.py/descarga.php?id=acuerdo-y-sentencia-15-2023.pdf).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/9580/constitucion-nacional-",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución Nacional 1992 (Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso). Art. 229: President and Vice President serve five years 'a contar desde el quince de agosto siguiente a las elecciones'. Art. 230: they are elected jointly, by simple majority (single round), 'en comicios generales que se realizarán entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período constitucional vigente'. Art. 187: senators and deputies are elected 'en comicios simultáneos con los presidenciales' and serve five years from 1 July. Art. 221: Chamber of Deputies, at least 80 members elected in departmental colleges (Asunción is its own college), seats per department set by the TSJE before each election. Art. 223: Senate, at least 45 members, single national constituency. Art. 273: 'la convocatoria, el juzgamiento ... de las elecciones generales' belong exclusively to the Justicia Electoral.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley N° 834/96, Código Electoral Paraguayo (BACN, with its list of amending laws). Art. 153 as amended by Ley N° 5286/2014 (quoted by the TSJE, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/4114, 23 Sep 2014): national elections 'serán convocadas por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, con por lo menos ocho meses de antelación'; the convocation fixes the date of the election and of the simultaneous party primaries. The Code itself fixes no polling date. Art. 218 (unchanged in the TSJE's 2023 compilation 'Normas electorales referentes al proceso de las votaciones'): voting closes 'a las diez y siete horas en el horario de verano y dieciséis horas en el horario de invierno'. Arts. 232-237: the electoral tribunals compute the count; art. 235: the Justicia Electoral judges the elections and the titles of those elected.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales.html",
            "role": "calendar",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE page 'Elecciones Generales' (read 2 Oct 2026): general elections are held every five years 'en el mes de abril o mayo' and elect 1 president and 1 vice president, 80 deputies and 80 alternates, 45 senators and 30 alternates, 17 governors and 17 departmental boards, and 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament. It does not yet give a 2028 date.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Paraguay",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English or Spanish Wikipedia article for the 2028 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028#chamber"
      },
      {
        "id": "parlasur",
        "key": "paraguay-general-2028/parlasur",
        "name": "Mercosur Parliament (Paraguayan members)",
        "body": "legislature-unicameral",
        "seats": 18,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "py-tsje",
          "name": "Superior Tribunal of Electoral Justice",
          "name_local": "Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
          "results_index": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
          "open_data": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje"
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament, elected the same day (TSJE 'Elecciones Generales' page). In 2018 their proclamation ceremony was on 1 Jun (day 40). Parlasur is a regional parliament, not a national legislature; legislature-unicameral is the closest body value in the model."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-14T20:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-16T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "DATE (tentative): no convocation yet. The outgoing term began on 15 Aug 2023 and runs five years (Constitution art. 229), so it expires on 15 Aug 2028, when the new president takes office. Art. 230: the election falls 'entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período', i.e. between 17 Apr 2028 (120 days before) and 17 May 2028 (90 days before). We use the latest Sunday in that window, Sun 14 May 2028: the law names no weekday, but every general election under the 1992 Constitution has been held on a Sunday (30 Apr 2023, 22 Apr 2018). The TSJE fixes the actual date in its convocation, due at least eight months ahead (Código Electoral art. 153 as amended by Ley 5286/2014), i.e. by mid-Sep 2027 for a 14 May date; for 2023 it published the schedule in Dec 2021 (Res. TSJE N° 108/2021) and the convocation on 11 Apr 2022 (Res. TSJE N° 16/2022, Última Hora, 11 Apr 2022) for 30 Apr 2023. The date may well be earlier in the window (2023: day 107 before 15 Aug). Paraguay has no snap elections: the date can only move within the constitutional window, or if the presidency falls vacant (art. 234) for the executive. POLLS: Código Electoral art. 218 closes voting at 17:00 in summer time and 16:00 in winter time. Since Ley N° 7354/2024 (in force from the first Sunday of October 2024) Paraguay keeps UTC-3 all year, and the TSJE closed the 4 Oct 2026 municipal vote at 17:00 (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026); in 2023, under the old winter time (UTC-4), it closed at 16:00. We assume 17:00 UTC-3 = 20:00 UTC; the TSJE's 2028 schedule will confirm. The TSJE's TREP publishes preliminary results from the close (2026: first results expected about 30 minutes after it, per the TSJE's director of IT, ABC Color 2 Oct 2026). The window end, end of Mon 15 May local, is our estimate. The TREP is preliminary and not the official result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T03:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-24T02:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "The Justicia Electoral judges the election and declares the count definitive (Constitution art. 273; Código Electoral art. 235). 2023 precedent: polling day 30 Apr 2023; the TSJE issued Acuerdo y Sentencia N° 15/2023 on Wed 24 May 2023 (day 24), which 'da por definitivo el cómputo' at home and abroad and declares and proclaims those elected (TSJE news, 25 May 2023, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/10577). 2018 precedent: polling day 22 Apr 2018; the TSJE's proclamation ceremony for the president, vice president and senators, 'de acuerdo con los cómputos y juzgamientos definitivos', was on 25 May 2018 (day 33), deputies on 31 May and Mercosur Parliament members on 1 Jun (TSJE news, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/7356). The opening, day 10 (24 May 2028 local), is an ESTIMATED floor. To err late the window closes at the end of Fri 23 Jun 2028 local (UTC-3), day 40. No separate court stage: the TSJE's own judgment is the final act; the Constitution (art. 275) leaves to the law when its decisions can be appealed to the Supreme Court. 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament, elected the same day (TSJE 'Elecciones Generales' page). In 2018 their proclamation ceremony was on 1 Jun (day 40). Parlasur is a regional parliament, not a national legislature; legislature-unicameral is the closest body value in the model.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://resultados.tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "results_index",
            "kindReason": "results host, but its root lists many elections",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE results host, the 'RESULTADOS' link of the TSJE elections portal elecciones.gov.py (which also links its TREP page at resultados.tsje.gov.py/publicacion/divulgacion.html for the 4 Oct 2026 municipal elections). It answered 403 (Sucuri firewall) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026, so its current content was not read. No page for the 2028 general election exists yet; the path is unconfirmed. The TREP (Transmisión de Resultados Electorales Preliminares) is a preliminary count, not the official result (ABC Color, 2 Oct 2026, quoting the TSJE's director of IT).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.datos.gov.py/group/tribunal-superior-de-justicia-electoral-tsje",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE open-data group on the national open-data portal, where the definitive results of past general elections are published by polling station and district (TSJE list 'Links_Datos_Abiertos_2025.pdf': 'Resultados de Elecciones Generales 2023 por mesa', 'Resultados de las Elecciones Municipales y Generales 1996-2023 por Distrito'). The 2028 definitive results are not there yet. The legally final act is the TSJE's Acuerdo y Sentencia declaring the count definitive (2023: N° 15/2023, tsje.gov.py/descarga.php?id=acuerdo-y-sentencia-15-2023.pdf).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/9580/constitucion-nacional-",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución Nacional 1992 (Biblioteca y Archivo Central del Congreso). Art. 229: President and Vice President serve five years 'a contar desde el quince de agosto siguiente a las elecciones'. Art. 230: they are elected jointly, by simple majority (single round), 'en comicios generales que se realizarán entre noventa y ciento veinte días antes de expirar el período constitucional vigente'. Art. 187: senators and deputies are elected 'en comicios simultáneos con los presidenciales' and serve five years from 1 July. Art. 221: Chamber of Deputies, at least 80 members elected in departmental colleges (Asunción is its own college), seats per department set by the TSJE before each election. Art. 223: Senate, at least 45 members, single national constituency. Art. 273: 'la convocatoria, el juzgamiento ... de las elecciones generales' belong exclusively to the Justicia Electoral.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bacn.gov.py/leyes-paraguayas/2346/ley-n-834-establece-el-codigo-electoral-paraguayo",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley N° 834/96, Código Electoral Paraguayo (BACN, with its list of amending laws). Art. 153 as amended by Ley N° 5286/2014 (quoted by the TSJE, tsje.gov.py/noticias/leer/4114, 23 Sep 2014): national elections 'serán convocadas por el Tribunal Superior de Justicia Electoral, con por lo menos ocho meses de antelación'; the convocation fixes the date of the election and of the simultaneous party primaries. The Code itself fixes no polling date. Art. 218 (unchanged in the TSJE's 2023 compilation 'Normas electorales referentes al proceso de las votaciones'): voting closes 'a las diez y siete horas en el horario de verano y dieciséis horas en el horario de invierno'. Arts. 232-237: the electoral tribunals compute the count; art. 235: the Justicia Electoral judges the elections and the titles of those elected.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/elecciones-generales.html",
            "role": "calendar",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "TSJE page 'Elecciones Generales' (read 2 Oct 2026): general elections are held every five years 'en el mes de abril o mayo' and elect 1 president and 1 vice president, 80 deputies and 80 alternates, 45 senators and 30 alternates, 17 governors and 17 departmental boards, and 18 members and 18 alternates of the Mercosur Parliament. It does not yet give a 2028 date.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Paraguay",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English or Spanish Wikipedia article for the 2028 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://tsje.gov.py/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/paraguay-general-2028#parlasur"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": {
    "dataset_version": "2026-10-02.be7d6f40",
    "built_at": "2026-10-02T15:42:24Z",
    "generated_at": "2026-10-02T18:13:38.862Z",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org",
    "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs"
  }
}