{ "data": { "id": "panama-general-2029", "country": "PA", "country_name": "Panama", "level": "national", "subdivision": null, "subdivision_name": null, "date": "2029-05-06", "date_status": "tentative", "kind": "general", "conditional": null, "timezone": "America/Panama", "status": "scheduled", "last_verified_at": "2026-10-02T12:00:00Z", "stale": false, "stale_reason": null, "provenance": { "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-02: Código Electoral texto único (TE legal-office version, Mar 2023, via the 2024 JNE site); Constitución Política (National Assembly edition); 2024 Junta Nacional de Escrutinio press releases; EU Election Expert Mission final report 2024; La Prensa, Panamá América, Telemetro and TVN on the TER, bills 699/700 and 2019 dates", "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)" }, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/panama-general-2029", "races": [ { "id": "president", "key": "panama-general-2029/president", "name": "President and Vice President", "body": "head-of-state", "seats": null, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "pa-te", "name": "Electoral Tribunal", "name_local": "Tribunal Electoral", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "results_index": null, "open_data": null }, "status": "scheduled", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": null, "final_expected": { "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-05-17T04:59:59Z", "confidence": "precedent", "basis": "The Junta Nacional de Escrutinio, appointed by the TE, makes the general scrutiny of the 39 circuit acts plus the overseas/advance-vote act and proclaims the ticket with the most votes, single round (Código Electoral arts. 445-447); proclamation within 24 hours of the end of the scrutiny (art. 446). 2024 precedent: the JNE finished the scrutiny and proclaimed the president on 9 May 2024, day 4 (JNE press releases of 9 and 10 May 2024, and of 10 Jun 2024: 'proclamó oficialmente el pasado 9 de mayo al presidente'; EU EEM report). 2019 precedent: proclamation on 10 May 2019, day 5 (TVN, 10 May 2019). To err late the window closes at the end of 16 May 2029 local, day 10. A nullity petition can be filed up to three working days after the proclamation is published in the Boletín del Tribunal Electoral (art. 469; bond B/.50,000 for president, art. 471); it does not stop the proclamation (art. 446). Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called." }, "last_final": null, "previous": null, "stages": [ { "stage": "election-night", "from": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "by": "2029-05-08T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Código Electoral art. 416: polls open at 07:00 and close at 16:00 ('se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde'), voters in line at that hour still vote. Panama is UTC-5 all year (no DST), so 16:00 local is 21:00 UTC. 2024 precedent: the TE's TER showed its first results at about 16:30 local, 30 minutes after the close, and most tables were transmitted within four hours (EU Election Expert Mission final report, 2024). The end of the window, end of 7 May local, is our estimate. The TER is an unofficial count ('extraoficial'); the official result is the scrutiny boards' proclamation, not an update of the TER page.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null }, { "stage": "final-result", "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-05-17T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "The Junta Nacional de Escrutinio, appointed by the TE, makes the general scrutiny of the 39 circuit acts plus the overseas/advance-vote act and proclaims the ticket with the most votes, single round (Código Electoral arts. 445-447); proclamation within 24 hours of the end of the scrutiny (art. 446). 2024 precedent: the JNE finished the scrutiny and proclaimed the president on 9 May 2024, day 4 (JNE press releases of 9 and 10 May 2024, and of 10 Jun 2024: 'proclamó oficialmente el pasado 9 de mayo al presidente'; EU EEM report). 2019 precedent: proclamation on 10 May 2019, day 5 (TVN, 10 May 2019). To err late the window closes at the end of 16 May 2029 local, day 10. A nullity petition can be filed up to three working days after the proclamation is published in the Boletín del Tribunal Electoral (art. 469; bond B/.50,000 for president, art. 471); it does not stop the proclamation (art. 446). Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados", "role": "results-live", "kind": "results_index", "kindReason": "results section without an election code", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Tribunal Electoral's Transmisión Extraoficial de Resultados (TER) host as linked by La Prensa and Telemetro on 5 May 2024 (La Prensa linked https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados/100). On 2 Oct 2026 the host failed TLS (certificate does not match the name), so we could not read it; whether the 2029 TER reuses it is not announced. The TER is an unofficial count: the official results are the scrutiny boards' proclamations.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-elecciones-generales-2024/", "role": "see-also", "kind": "race_results", "kindReason": "election code and results marker", "resolvable": true, "origin": "race", "note": "TE page with the 2024 results tables built from the proclamation acts (16 tables), as described by La Prensa, 22 May 2024. tribunal-electoral.gob.pa answered 403 (Cloudflare) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026. This is the 2024 page, given as the precedent; no 2029 results page exists yet.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://jnepanama.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/TEXTO-UNICO-DAL-Version-4-con-indice-al-24-3-23.pdf", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Código Electoral, texto único ordered by the National Assembly, with reforms up to Law 356 of 1 Feb 2023 (Tribunal Electoral legal-office version, 24 Mar 2023), as posted by the 2024 Junta Nacional de Escrutinio. The Gaceta Oficial copies (gacetaoficial.gob.pa) and tribunal-electoral.gob.pa refused our fetcher (Incapsula / Cloudflare) on 2 Oct 2026. Art. 334: polling day on the first Sunday of May. Art. 416: voting 'Se abrirá a las siete de la mañana y se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde', voters in line at 16:00 still vote. Arts. 445-447: the Junta Nacional de Escrutinio makes the general scrutiny for president and proclaims the ticket with most votes (single round). Art. 446: proclamation 'a más tardar veinticuatro horas después de finalizado el escrutinio'. Arts. 449-452: circuit scrutiny boards proclaim the deputies. Arts. 512-516: 20 PARLACEN deputies, voted on the presidential ballot and allocated by the JNE after the presidential proclamation. Arts. 464-469: nullity petitions against an election or proclamation, filed up to three working days after its publication in the Boletín del Tribunal Electoral. Law 403 of 2023 (art. 380) is not in this compilation.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.sinaproc.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-panama.pdf", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Constitución Política de 1972 with the reforms up to Acto Legislativo 1 of 2004 (National Assembly edition, posted by SINAPROC). Art. 147: the Assembly 'se compondrá de setenta y un Diputados'. Art. 148: deputies elected for five years on the same day as the ordinary presidential election. Art. 177: president elected 'por sufragio popular directo y por la mayoría de votos, para un periodo de cinco años'. Art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.eods.eu/library/EU%20EEM%20PAN%202024%20FR%20ES.pdf", "role": "observer-report", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "EU Election Expert Mission, final report on the 5 May 2024 general election (Spanish): TER results from about 30 minutes after the close, most tables within four hours; JNE presidential proclamation on 9 May; some circuit proclamations delayed up to four days; TE Boletín publication of proclamations from 20 May; 35 nullity petitions by 29 May 2024.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Panamanian_general_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "The previous election. No English or Spanish Wikipedia article on the 2029 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": null } ], "page_activity": [], "government": null, "results": [], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/panama-general-2029#president" }, { "id": "assembly", "key": "panama-general-2029/assembly", "name": "National Assembly", "body": "legislature-unicameral", "seats": 71, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "pa-te", "name": "Electoral Tribunal", "name_local": "Tribunal Electoral", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "results_index": null, "open_data": null }, "status": "scheduled", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": null, "final_expected": { "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-06-01T04:59:59Z", "confidence": "precedent", "basis": "Each circuit scrutiny board proclaims its deputies: plurality in single-member circuits, quotient, half-quotient and residue in multi-member circuits (Código Electoral arts. 449-453), within 24 hours of the end of its scrutiny (art. 446). There is no single national proclamation. 2024 precedent: most circuits proclaimed in the days after 5 May; arithmetic errors delayed the proclamations in Bocas del Toro, San Miguelito and Coclé by up to four days; the TE began publishing the proclamations in its Boletín on 20 May 2024, gradually (EU Election Expert Mission final report, 2024). Nullity petitions run until three working days after a proclamation's Boletín publication (art. 469); by 29 May 2024 the TE had received 35, 22 of them on deputies (EU EEM). A challenged deputy gets no credential until the TE resolves, and an annulment can order new voting at the affected tables (art. 468), so a few seats can stay open past this window. To err late the window closes at the end of 31 May 2029 local, day 25. Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called." }, "last_final": null, "previous": null, "stages": [ { "stage": "election-night", "from": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "by": "2029-05-08T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Código Electoral art. 416: polls open at 07:00 and close at 16:00 ('se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde'), voters in line at that hour still vote. Panama is UTC-5 all year (no DST), so 16:00 local is 21:00 UTC. 2024 precedent: the TE's TER showed its first results at about 16:30 local, 30 minutes after the close, and most tables were transmitted within four hours (EU Election Expert Mission final report, 2024). The end of the window, end of 7 May local, is our estimate. The TER is an unofficial count ('extraoficial'); the official result is the scrutiny boards' proclamation, not an update of the TER page.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null }, { "stage": "final-result", "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-06-01T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Each circuit scrutiny board proclaims its deputies: plurality in single-member circuits, quotient, half-quotient and residue in multi-member circuits (Código Electoral arts. 449-453), within 24 hours of the end of its scrutiny (art. 446). There is no single national proclamation. 2024 precedent: most circuits proclaimed in the days after 5 May; arithmetic errors delayed the proclamations in Bocas del Toro, San Miguelito and Coclé by up to four days; the TE began publishing the proclamations in its Boletín on 20 May 2024, gradually (EU Election Expert Mission final report, 2024). Nullity petitions run until three working days after a proclamation's Boletín publication (art. 469); by 29 May 2024 the TE had received 35, 22 of them on deputies (EU EEM). A challenged deputy gets no credential until the TE resolves, and an annulment can order new voting at the affected tables (art. 468), so a few seats can stay open past this window. To err late the window closes at the end of 31 May 2029 local, day 25. Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados", "role": "results-live", "kind": "results_index", "kindReason": "results section without an election code", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Tribunal Electoral's Transmisión Extraoficial de Resultados (TER) host as linked by La Prensa and Telemetro on 5 May 2024 (La Prensa linked https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados/100). On 2 Oct 2026 the host failed TLS (certificate does not match the name), so we could not read it; whether the 2029 TER reuses it is not announced. The TER is an unofficial count: the official results are the scrutiny boards' proclamations.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-elecciones-generales-2024/", "role": "see-also", "kind": "race_results", "kindReason": "election code and results marker", "resolvable": true, "origin": "race", "note": "TE page with the 2024 results tables built from the proclamation acts (16 tables), as described by La Prensa, 22 May 2024. tribunal-electoral.gob.pa answered 403 (Cloudflare) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026. This is the 2024 page, given as the precedent; no 2029 results page exists yet.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://jnepanama.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/TEXTO-UNICO-DAL-Version-4-con-indice-al-24-3-23.pdf", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Código Electoral, texto único ordered by the National Assembly, with reforms up to Law 356 of 1 Feb 2023 (Tribunal Electoral legal-office version, 24 Mar 2023), as posted by the 2024 Junta Nacional de Escrutinio. The Gaceta Oficial copies (gacetaoficial.gob.pa) and tribunal-electoral.gob.pa refused our fetcher (Incapsula / Cloudflare) on 2 Oct 2026. Art. 334: polling day on the first Sunday of May. Art. 416: voting 'Se abrirá a las siete de la mañana y se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde', voters in line at 16:00 still vote. Arts. 445-447: the Junta Nacional de Escrutinio makes the general scrutiny for president and proclaims the ticket with most votes (single round). Art. 446: proclamation 'a más tardar veinticuatro horas después de finalizado el escrutinio'. Arts. 449-452: circuit scrutiny boards proclaim the deputies. Arts. 512-516: 20 PARLACEN deputies, voted on the presidential ballot and allocated by the JNE after the presidential proclamation. Arts. 464-469: nullity petitions against an election or proclamation, filed up to three working days after its publication in the Boletín del Tribunal Electoral. Law 403 of 2023 (art. 380) is not in this compilation. 71 seats: Constitution art. 147; kept at 71 for 2029 by law project 700 (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026).", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.sinaproc.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-panama.pdf", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Constitución Política de 1972 with the reforms up to Acto Legislativo 1 of 2004 (National Assembly edition, posted by SINAPROC). Art. 147: the Assembly 'se compondrá de setenta y un Diputados'. Art. 148: deputies elected for five years on the same day as the ordinary presidential election. Art. 177: president elected 'por sufragio popular directo y por la mayoría de votos, para un periodo de cinco años'. Art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.eods.eu/library/EU%20EEM%20PAN%202024%20FR%20ES.pdf", "role": "observer-report", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "EU Election Expert Mission, final report on the 5 May 2024 general election (Spanish): TER results from about 30 minutes after the close, most tables within four hours; JNE presidential proclamation on 9 May; some circuit proclamations delayed up to four days; TE Boletín publication of proclamations from 20 May; 35 nullity petitions by 29 May 2024.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Panamanian_general_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "The previous election. No English or Spanish Wikipedia article on the 2029 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": null } ], "page_activity": [], "government": null, "results": [], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/panama-general-2029#assembly" }, { "id": "parlacen", "key": "panama-general-2029/parlacen", "name": "Central American Parliament (Panamanian deputies)", "body": "legislature-unicameral", "seats": 20, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "pa-te", "name": "Electoral Tribunal", "name_local": "Tribunal Electoral", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "results_index": null, "open_data": null }, "status": "scheduled", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": null, "final_expected": { "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-07-01T04:59:59Z", "confidence": "precedent", "basis": "The Junta Nacional de Escrutinio allocates the 20 PARLACEN seats and proclaims them 'tan pronto concluya el escrutinio y la proclamación del presidente' (Código Electoral art. 516), proportionally to the presidential vote of the parties that survive and the independent candidates with at least 2% (art. 515). It waits for the TE's certification of which parties survived. 2024 precedent: the TE's Acuerdo 26-2 of 24 May 2024 reached the JNE on 8 Jun and the JNE proclaimed the 20 deputies on 10 Jun 2024, day 36 (JNE, 10 Jun 2024). 2019 precedent: 5 Jun 2019, day 31 (La Estrella de Panamá, 6 Jun 2019). To err late the window closes at the end of 30 Jun 2029 local, day 55, the day before the new national terms begin. Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called." }, "last_final": null, "previous": null, "stages": [ { "stage": "election-night", "from": "2029-05-06T21:00:00Z", "by": "2029-05-08T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Código Electoral art. 416: polls open at 07:00 and close at 16:00 ('se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde'), voters in line at that hour still vote. Panama is UTC-5 all year (no DST), so 16:00 local is 21:00 UTC. 2024 precedent: the TE's TER showed its first results at about 16:30 local, 30 minutes after the close, and most tables were transmitted within four hours (EU Election Expert Mission final report, 2024). The end of the window, end of 7 May local, is our estimate. The TER is an unofficial count ('extraoficial'); the official result is the scrutiny boards' proclamation, not an update of the TER page.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null }, { "stage": "final-result", "from": "2029-05-07T05:00:00Z", "by": "2029-07-01T04:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "The Junta Nacional de Escrutinio allocates the 20 PARLACEN seats and proclaims them 'tan pronto concluya el escrutinio y la proclamación del presidente' (Código Electoral art. 516), proportionally to the presidential vote of the parties that survive and the independent candidates with at least 2% (art. 515). It waits for the TE's certification of which parties survived. 2024 precedent: the TE's Acuerdo 26-2 of 24 May 2024 reached the JNE on 8 Jun and the JNE proclaimed the 20 deputies on 10 Jun 2024, day 36 (JNE, 10 Jun 2024). 2019 precedent: 5 Jun 2019, day 31 (La Estrella de Panamá, 6 Jun 2019). To err late the window closes at the end of 30 Jun 2029 local, day 55, the day before the new national terms begin. Tentative: derived from the law, not yet convened by the Tribunal Electoral. Código Electoral art. 334: the elections for president and vice president, deputies, deputies to the Central American Parliament, mayors, councillors and corregimiento representatives 'tendrán lugar el primer domingo de mayo del año en que deban celebrarse. Si el primer domingo de dicho mes fuese el primer día del mes, las elecciones se efectuarán el domingo siguiente.' Constitution arts. 177 and 148: president, vice president and deputies are elected for five years on the same day; the 2024 election was held 5 May 2024 and the term runs to 30 June 2029 (art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election). 1 May 2029 is a Tuesday, so the first Sunday of May 2029 is 6 May 2029. Panama has no early-election mechanism for the president or the Assembly. Pending changes: on 28 Sep 2026 the Assembly plenary received bill 699 reforming the Código Electoral 'para las elecciones generales de 2029' (La Prensa, 28 Sep 2026); the press coverage we read names no change to the polling day or hours. Law project 700 on the 2029 circuits, passed in third debate, 'mantiene fijo el número total de 71 diputados' (Panamá América, 24 Sep 2026). In Jul 2026 the president announced he would promote a constituent assembly in 2027, with no mechanism or date given (Telemetro, 24 Jul 2026); none is legally called.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados", "role": "results-live", "kind": "results_index", "kindReason": "results section without an election code", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Tribunal Electoral's Transmisión Extraoficial de Resultados (TER) host as linked by La Prensa and Telemetro on 5 May 2024 (La Prensa linked https://resultados.te.gob.pa/resultados/100). On 2 Oct 2026 the host failed TLS (certificate does not match the name), so we could not read it; whether the 2029 TER reuses it is not announced. The TER is an unofficial count: the official results are the scrutiny boards' proclamations.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/resultados-elecciones-generales-2024/", "role": "see-also", "kind": "race_results", "kindReason": "election code and results marker", "resolvable": true, "origin": "race", "note": "TE page with the 2024 results tables built from the proclamation acts (16 tables), as described by La Prensa, 22 May 2024. tribunal-electoral.gob.pa answered 403 (Cloudflare) to our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026. This is the 2024 page, given as the precedent; no 2029 results page exists yet.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://jnepanama.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/TEXTO-UNICO-DAL-Version-4-con-indice-al-24-3-23.pdf", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Código Electoral, texto único ordered by the National Assembly, with reforms up to Law 356 of 1 Feb 2023 (Tribunal Electoral legal-office version, 24 Mar 2023), as posted by the 2024 Junta Nacional de Escrutinio. The Gaceta Oficial copies (gacetaoficial.gob.pa) and tribunal-electoral.gob.pa refused our fetcher (Incapsula / Cloudflare) on 2 Oct 2026. Art. 334: polling day on the first Sunday of May. Art. 416: voting 'Se abrirá a las siete de la mañana y se cerrará a las cuatro de la tarde', voters in line at 16:00 still vote. Arts. 445-447: the Junta Nacional de Escrutinio makes the general scrutiny for president and proclaims the ticket with most votes (single round). Art. 446: proclamation 'a más tardar veinticuatro horas después de finalizado el escrutinio'. Arts. 449-452: circuit scrutiny boards proclaim the deputies. Arts. 512-516: 20 PARLACEN deputies, voted on the presidential ballot and allocated by the JNE after the presidential proclamation. Arts. 464-469: nullity petitions against an election or proclamation, filed up to three working days after its publication in the Boletín del Tribunal Electoral. Law 403 of 2023 (art. 380) is not in this compilation. PARLACEN is a regional parliament, not a national legislature; legislature-unicameral is the closest body value in the model. Its 20 seats are filled from the vote on the presidential ballot (art. 513), not a separate ballot.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.sinaproc.gob.pa/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/constitucion-politica-de-la-republica-de-panama.pdf", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Constitución Política de 1972 with the reforms up to Acto Legislativo 1 of 2004 (National Assembly edition, posted by SINAPROC). Art. 147: the Assembly 'se compondrá de setenta y un Diputados'. Art. 148: deputies elected for five years on the same day as the ordinary presidential election. Art. 177: president elected 'por sufragio popular directo y por la mayoría de votos, para un periodo de cinco años'. Art. 181: inauguration on 1 July following the election.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.eods.eu/library/EU%20EEM%20PAN%202024%20FR%20ES.pdf", "role": "observer-report", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "EU Election Expert Mission, final report on the 5 May 2024 general election (Spanish): TER results from about 30 minutes after the close, most tables within four hours; JNE presidential proclamation on 9 May; some circuit proclamations delayed up to four days; TE Boletín publication of proclamations from 20 May; 35 nullity petitions by 29 May 2024.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Panamanian_general_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "The previous election. No English or Spanish Wikipedia article on the 2029 election existed on 2 Oct 2026.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.tribunal-electoral.gob.pa/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": null } ], "page_activity": [], "government": null, "results": [], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/panama-general-2029#parlacen" } ] }, "meta": { "dataset_version": "2026-10-02.be7d6f40", "built_at": "2026-10-02T15:42:24Z", "generated_at": "2026-10-02T18:13:24.599Z", "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org", "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs" } }