{ "data": { "id": "malaysia-general-2028", "country": "MY", "country_name": "Malaysia", "level": "national", "subdivision": null, "subdivision_name": null, "date": "2028-02-17", "date_status": "tentative", "kind": "general", "conditional": null, "timezone": "Asia/Kuala_Lumpur", "status": "scheduled", "last_verified_at": "2026-10-02T12:00:00Z", "stale": false, "stale_reason": null, "provenance": { "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-02: Federal Constitution arts. 43, 46, 55 and Eleventh Schedule s. 36 (constituteproject.org text of the 2025 reprint; the lom.agc.gov.my PDF returned HTTP 500); Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981 regs. 11, 25D, 27 (spr.gov.my reprint); spr.gov.my Penjalanan Pilihan Raya Umum page; SPR results dashboard API (GE15 per-seat validation times); Dewan Rakyat order paper 19 Dec 2022 (repositori.parlimen.gov.my); Malay Mail/Bernama reports of SPR statements on the GE14 and GE15 gazettes", "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)" }, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/malaysia-general-2028", "races": [ { "id": "dewan-rakyat", "key": "malaysia-general-2028/dewan-rakyat", "name": "Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)", "body": "legislature-lower", "seats": 222, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2028-02-17T10:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "my-spr", "name": "Election Commission of Malaysia", "name_local": "Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya Malaysia", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.spr.gov.my/", "results_index": "https://dashboard.spr.gov.my/", "open_data": null }, "status": "scheduled", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": null, "final_expected": { "from": "2028-02-26T16:00:00Z", "by": "2028-04-02T15:59:59Z", "confidence": "precedent", "basis": "Reg. 27, Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981: after the declaration the returning officer endorses the writ and draws up a statement of the poll (Form 16); the SPR Secretary then 'hendaklah ... menyebabkan nama ahli yang dipilih berserta dengan penyata mengenai pengundian itu disiarkan dalam Warta'. No deadline is set. The gazette starts the 21-day election-petition period (Election Offences Act 1954 s. 38; spr.gov.my). Precedent: GE14 (polling 9 May 2018) results gazetted 28 May 2018, day 19 (EC statement, Malay Mail 29 May 2018); GE15 (19 Nov 2022) gazetted 14 Dec 2022, day 25 (EC secretary's statement, Bernama via Malay Mail 15 Dec 2022). Press reports of SPR statements; the gazette numbers were not located. The opening (day 10, 27 Feb 2028 MYT) is an ESTIMATED floor; the window closes at the end of 2 Apr 2028 MYT, day 45, nearly twice the longest precedent, to allow for a delayed seat. Parliament must be summoned within 120 days of the dissolution (art. 55(4); by 17 Apr 2028 on an automatic dissolution). Election petitions are optional and are not a confirmation step, so there is no court-validation stage." }, "last_final": null, "previous": null, "stages": [ { "stage": "election-night", "from": "2028-02-17T10:00:00Z", "by": "2028-02-19T15:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Each polling station counts at the close and records it on Form 14; the returning officer tallies Forms 14 and 15 (postal votes) and 'dengan serta-merta selepas penjumlahan rasmi undi' declares the winner (Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981 reg. 25D(7); spr.gov.my/perjalanan-pilihan-raya-umum). These seat declarations are the official result per seat and appear on the SPR dashboard. GE15 precedent (polls closed 18:00 MYT Sat 19 Nov 2022), from the validation times (MasaSah) in dashboard.spr.gov.my/api/v1/2022-02/keputusan, read 2 Oct 2026 (times taken as MYT): first seat 20:39 MYT, half of the 222 by 00:09 MYT, 200 by 02:26, 219 by 04:16 Sun 20 Nov; P.168 at 07:48 Sun; P.220 Baram (Sarawak) at 19:10 MYT Mon 21 Nov; P.017 Padang Serai, whose poll was postponed to 7 Dec 2022 after a candidate died, on 7 Dec. The window closes at the end of the second day after polling (23:59 MYT), covering the GE15 straggler; a postponed poll in one seat would fall outside it.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null }, { "stage": "final-result", "from": "2028-02-26T16:00:00Z", "by": "2028-04-02T15:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Reg. 27, Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981: after the declaration the returning officer endorses the writ and draws up a statement of the poll (Form 16); the SPR Secretary then 'hendaklah ... menyebabkan nama ahli yang dipilih berserta dengan penyata mengenai pengundian itu disiarkan dalam Warta'. No deadline is set. The gazette starts the 21-day election-petition period (Election Offences Act 1954 s. 38; spr.gov.my). Precedent: GE14 (polling 9 May 2018) results gazetted 28 May 2018, day 19 (EC statement, Malay Mail 29 May 2018); GE15 (19 Nov 2022) gazetted 14 Dec 2022, day 25 (EC secretary's statement, Bernama via Malay Mail 15 Dec 2022). Press reports of SPR statements; the gazette numbers were not located. The opening (day 10, 27 Feb 2028 MYT) is an ESTIMATED floor; the window closes at the end of 2 Apr 2028 MYT, day 45, nearly twice the longest precedent, to allow for a delayed seat. Parliament must be summoned within 120 days of the dissolution (art. 55(4); by 17 Apr 2028 on an automatic dissolution). Election petitions are optional and are not a confirmation step, so there is no court-validation stage.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null }, { "stage": "government", "from": null, "by": null, "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "precedent", "citation": "Federal Constitution art. 43(2)(a): the Yang di-Pertuan Agong appoints as Prime Minister a member of the Dewan Rakyat 'who in his judgment is likely to command the confidence of the majority of the members'. No deadline, and no need to wait for the gazette or the first sitting: in 2022 the Palace announced the appointment under arts. 40(2)(a) and 43(2)(a) on 24 Nov, after a special Conference of Rulers meeting, and the Prime Minister was sworn in that day, five days after polling (Istana Negara statement as reported by NST and Bernama, 24 Nov 2022). No window: the earliest moment is set in the government block.", "source": null, "observedAt": null, "observedSource": null } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://dashboard.spr.gov.my/", "role": "results-live", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "SPR results dashboard ('Dashboard Keputusan', linked from spr.gov.my), an index of every election it has run, not a page for this one. It is a single-page app fed by https://dashboard.spr.gov.my/api/v1/pilihanraya (list of elections) and /api/v1//keputusan (per-seat results). Checked 2 Oct 2026: the list holds 'PILIHAN RAYA UMUM KE - 15' (Kod 2022-02, polling 2022-11-19, Jenis 10 = general election) and state elections up to Negeri Sembilan, 1 Aug 2026, but no GE16 entry. PREDICTED, not seen: GE16 will get a new Kod once called; no URL is guessed here. The dashboard carries the returning officers' declared results (Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981 reg. 25D(7)); the formal record is their publication in the Federal Government Gazette (reg. 27), see final-result.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://spr.gov.my/perjalanan-pilihan-raya-umum/", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "SPR 'Penjalanan Pilihan Raya Umum' (read 2 Oct 2026): a general election is held when Parliament is dissolved or 'terbubar sendiri selepas tamat tempoh 5 tahun'; the writ and a gazetted election notice fix nomination and polling days; polling hours 'bagi Semenanjung Malaysia adalah dari jam 8.00 pagi hingga 6.00 petang, manakala di Sabah dan Sarawak dari jam 7.30 pagi hingga 5.30 petang' (may be shortened in some areas); early and postal votes are counted from 5.00 pm on polling day; the returning officer declares the winner after the official tally of Forms 14 and 15; petitions to the Election Court 'dalam tempoh 21 hari dari tarikh keputusan pilihan raya di wartakan'. No GE16 timetable yet (Parliament not dissolved as of 2 Oct 2026).", "check": null }, { "url": "https://spr.gov.my/perundangan/", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "SPR legislation page, with the Federal Constitution extracts, Elections Act 1958 (Act 19), Election Offences Act 1954 (Act 5) and the Elections (Conduct of Elections) Regulations 1981 (P.U. (A) 386/1981, reprint as at 1 Jan 2022). DATE WORKING (tentative; no dissolution, writ or election notice yet): Federal Constitution art. 55(3), 'Parliament unless sooner dissolved shall continue for five years from the date of its first meeting and shall then stand dissolved'; the 15th Parliament first met on Monday 19 Dec 2022 (Dewan Rakyat order paper AUMDR 19/12/2022, repositori.parlimen.gov.my), so it stands dissolved on 19 Dec 2027. Art. 55(4), 'a general election shall be held within sixty days from the date of the dissolution'. Counting under the Eleventh Schedule s. 36(a) (the day of the event is excluded), day 1 is 20 Dec 2027 and day 60 is Thursday 17 Feb 2028, the latest lawful polling day used here (a reading that puts the automatic dissolution at the end of 19 Dec, i.e. 20 Dec, would allow 18 Feb 2028; 17 Feb is lawful on either reading). Polling may fall on any weekday: GE15 was Saturday 19 Nov 2022, GE14 Wednesday 9 May 2018. SNAP RISK: the Yang di-Pertuan Agong may dissolve Parliament earlier on the Prime Minister's request (art. 55(2), 40(2)(b)); an early dissolution was openly discussed in Sep 2026 (press, e.g. Malay Mail 12 Sep 2026, 'We still have until February 2028'), so an election in late 2026 or 2027 is quite possible; the date then moves to within 60 days of that dissolution. Polls close: reg. 11(5A) lets the SPR set the hours by gazetted notice; SPR's stated hours are 08:00-18:00 in Peninsular Malaysia and 07:30-17:30 in Sabah and Sarawak (MYT, UTC+8, no DST): last close 18:00 MYT = 10:00 UTC; Sabah, Sarawak and Labuan 09:30 UTC; some stations close earlier.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Malaysian_general_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Lead only. Its Wikidata item (Q115632393, '16th election of the Dewan Rakyat') carries a placeholder date of 30 Nov 2027, which is not derived from the law and not used here.", "check": null }, { "url": "https://www.spr.gov.my/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": null } ], "page_activity": [], "government": { "earliestUtc": "2028-02-17T10:00:00Z", "precedentDays": [ 1, 1, 5 ], "note": "Days from polling to the Prime Minister's swearing-in: 2013 (5 May to 6 May, 1), 2018 (9 May to 10 May, 1), 2022 (19 Nov to 24 Nov, 5). 2022 from the Istana Negara statement as reported; 2013 and 2018 from press and Wikipedia, not checked against an official source. The appointment can follow as soon as seat declarations show who commands a majority. A government market needs a deadline beyond the longest precedent." }, "results": [], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/malaysia-general-2028#dewan-rakyat" } ] }, "meta": { "dataset_version": "2026-10-02.be7d6f40", "built_at": "2026-10-02T15:42:24Z", "generated_at": "2026-10-02T18:13:25.439Z", "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org", "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs" } }