{
  "data": {
    "id": "iran-presidential-2028-r2",
    "country": "IR",
    "country_name": "Iran",
    "level": "national",
    "subdivision": null,
    "subdivision_name": null,
    "date": "2028-06-23",
    "date_status": "tentative",
    "kind": "runoff",
    "conditional": "Held only if no candidate wins an absolute majority of the votes of participants in the first round (tentatively 16 Jun 2028). The second vote takes place on the Friday of the following week between the two candidates with the most first-round votes; if some of them withdraw, the next two in order take part (Constitution art. 117; Presidential Electoral Law arts. 13-14). If one of the two dies, the vote is postponed two weeks (art. 16). Date tentative: it follows from the tentative first-round date (see iran-presidential-2028).",
    "timezone": "Asia/Tehran",
    "status": "scheduled",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-10-02T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-02: Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1989 text, fa.wikisource.org) arts. 63, 68, 99, 114, 117, 119, 130-131; Presidential Electoral Law, English translation (Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University) arts. 1, 3, 12-14, 18, 20, 67, 79-80; Electoral Law for Parliamentary Elections (1999), English translation (Iran Data Portal) arts. 1, 8-10 and credential articles; Leader's tanfiz speech of 1403/05/07 (fa.wikisource.org copy of khamenei.ir); Tasnim News Agency 19 Sep 2026; Al Jazeera reports of 1-4 Mar, 10 May, 29 Jun, 5-6 Jul 2024. moi.ir, shora-gc.ir and rc.majlis.ir were unreachable from this environment",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/iran-presidential-2028-r2",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "president",
        "key": "iran-presidential-2028-r2/president",
        "name": "President of the Islamic Republic",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": null,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-06-23T14:30:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "ir-moi",
          "name": "Ministry of Interior (Country Election Headquarters)",
          "name_local": "وزارت کشور (ستاد انتخابات کشور)",
          "role": "ministry",
          "homepage": "https://www.moi.ir/",
          "results_index": null,
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-06-23T20:30:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-26T20:29:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "Presidential Electoral Law art. 18: the Ministry of Interior announces the final result of the election through the mass media once the counts from inside and outside the country are in. 2024 precedent: polls opened at 08:00 and were scheduled to close at 18:00 local (14:30 UTC) but were extended to midnight (20:30 UTC) (Al Jazeera, 5 Jul 2024, runoff). The Country Election Headquarters (Ministry of Interior) released running totals overnight; for the 5 Jul 2024 runoff, the Ministry declared the winner by the early morning of Saturday 6 Jul (Al Jazeera report published 03:38 UTC). The opening is midnight local on polling night (voting was extended to midnight in 2024); the window closes at the end of Monday local, two days past precedent, as an err-late margin. This count still awaits the Guardian Council's validation (next stage)."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-06-23T14:30:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-24T20:29:59Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-06-26T20:29:59Z",
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "Voting lasts 10 hours on a Friday and may be extended at the Minister of Interior's discretion (Presidential Electoral Law art. 20 and note 1); the official hours are not yet announced, so the close used is 18:00 IRST (UTC+3:30, Iran has no DST), 14:30 UTC, as scheduled in 2024. 2024 precedent: polls opened at 08:00 and were scheduled to close at 18:00 local (14:30 UTC) but were extended to midnight (20:30 UTC) (Al Jazeera, 5 Jul 2024, runoff). The Country Election Headquarters (Ministry of Interior) released running totals overnight; for the 5 Jul 2024 runoff, the Ministry declared the winner by the early morning of Saturday 6 Jul (Al Jazeera report published 03:38 UTC). The window closes at the end of Saturday local time to allow for extended voting and a slower count. Running totals are provisional and are not the Guardian Council-validated result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-06-23T20:30:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-26T20:29:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "Presidential Electoral Law art. 18: the Ministry of Interior announces the final result of the election through the mass media once the counts from inside and outside the country are in. 2024 precedent: polls opened at 08:00 and were scheduled to close at 18:00 local (14:30 UTC) but were extended to midnight (20:30 UTC) (Al Jazeera, 5 Jul 2024, runoff). The Country Election Headquarters (Ministry of Interior) released running totals overnight; for the 5 Jul 2024 runoff, the Ministry declared the winner by the early morning of Saturday 6 Jul (Al Jazeera report published 03:38 UTC). The opening is midnight local on polling night (voting was extended to midnight in 2024); the window closes at the end of Monday local, two days past precedent, as an err-late margin. This count still awaits the Guardian Council's validation (next stage).",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "court-validation",
            "from": "2028-06-23T20:30:00Z",
            "by": "2028-07-06T20:29:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "Presidential Electoral Law art. 79: the Guardian Council notifies the Ministry of Interior of its final view on the election 'within one week and if necessary, at most within ten days after the receipt of the presidential election results', and the Ministry then announces the result to the public. Complaints may be filed with the Council within three days of polling day (art. 80 note 1). The window closes ten days after the end of the final-result window, end of day local. The Council then drafts the President's credentials for the Leader (art. 2), whose authorisation (tanfiz) starts the term (art. 1). No 2024 date for the Council's decision was confirmed from a readable official source (shora-gc.ir unreachable).",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.moi.ir/",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ministry of Interior homepage; the Country Election Headquarters (ستاد انتخابات کشور) announces results here and through the media. No results page or results index for this election was found, and the host refused connections from this environment on 2 Oct 2026, so it is listed only as the authority's site, not as a results source.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.shora-gc.ir/",
            "role": "court-validation",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Guardian Council homepage (shora-gc.ir). The Council supervises the election (Constitution art. 99) and notifies the Ministry of Interior of its final view on the election's validity (Presidential Electoral Law art. 79). Not a results page; the host refused connections from this environment on 2 Oct 2026, so no page for its decisions was confirmed.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A8_%DB%B1%DB%B3%DB%B6%DB%B8)",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (1989 text, Persian, on Wikisource; the official portals rc.majlis.ir and shora-gc.ir were unreachable). Art. 114: four-year presidential term, one consecutive re-election. Art. 117: absolute majority of participants; otherwise a second vote 'روز جمعه هفته بعد' (on the Friday of the following week) between the two leading candidates. Art. 119: 'انتخاب رئیس‌جمهور جدید باید حداقل یک ماه پیش از پایان دوره ریاست جمهوری قبلی انجام شده باشد' (the new President's election must be completed at least one month before the previous term ends). Art. 63: four-year Majlis term; each election must be held before the previous term ends. Art. 68: elections can be suspended in wartime.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://irandataportal.syr.edu/presidential-electoral-law",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Iran Data Portal (Syracuse University) page for the Presidential Electoral Law, linking an English translation (wp-content/uploads/presidential_electoral_law.pdf) that was read: art. 1 (four-year term begins with the Leader's authorisation of the credentials), art. 3 (Ministry of Interior prepares the election three months before the term ends, observing Constitution arts. 119 and 131), arts. 12-14 (absolute majority; else a second round between the top two 'on the Friday of the following week'), art. 18 (Ministry announces the final result after the count), art. 20 (voting on one day, a Friday, for 10 hours, extendable by the Minister of Interior), art. 79 (Guardian Council's final view within one week, at most ten days). The translation predates later amendments (the portal also posts 2009 changes); the current consolidated text on rc.majlis.ir could not be reached. Verifier: re-check these articles against the current text.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://fa.wikisource.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%81%DB%8C%D8%B0_%D8%AD%DA%A9%D9%85_%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%AC%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Text of the Leader's speech at the ceremony authorising (tanfiz) the decree of the 14th presidential term, dated 1403/05/07 (28 Jul 2024); Wikisource copy of khamenei.ir (khl.ink/f/57210). The current term began on that date (Presidential Electoral Law art. 1).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.tasnimnews.ir/en/news/2026/09/19/3700321/iran-mulls-simultaneous-parliamentary-presidential-elections",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Tasnim News Agency, 19 Sep 2026 (CC BY 4.0): the Interior Ministry's political deputy and spokesperson Ali Zeinivand said that under the current calendar the parliamentary elections fall in March 2028 and the presidential election in June or July 2028; a working group is examining a bill to hold both together in May 2028 without amending the Constitution. A proposal only: no bill passed as of 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Iranian_presidential_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/iran-presidential-2028-r2#president"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": {
    "dataset_version": "2026-10-02.be7d6f40",
    "built_at": "2026-10-02T15:42:24Z",
    "generated_at": "2026-10-02T18:15:53.654Z",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org",
    "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs"
  }
}