{
  "data": {
    "id": "dominican-republic-general-2028",
    "country": "DO",
    "country_name": "Dominican Republic",
    "level": "national",
    "subdivision": null,
    "subdivision_name": null,
    "date": "2028-05-21",
    "date_status": "tentative",
    "kind": "general",
    "conditional": null,
    "timezone": "America/Santo_Domingo",
    "status": "scheduled",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-10-02T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-02: JCE Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales 2028 (jce.gob.do, heyzine PDF), Constitución 2024 arts. 78, 81, 209, 274 and transitory provisions (JCE copy), Ley 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral arts. 236, 249, 273-274, 291-292, 300-302 (JCE copy), elecciones2024.jce.gob.do (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024), El Día and Prensa Latina on the 2024 declarations, Diario Financiero on the 2024 first bulletin",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "president",
        "key": "dominican-republic-general-2028/president",
        "name": "President and Vice President",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": null,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "do-jce",
          "name": "Central Electoral Board",
          "name_local": "Junta Central Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://jce.gob.do/",
          "results_index": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 41-2024 declared the presidential and vice-presidential winners from the 'Relación General Definitiva del Cómputo Electoral' (El Día, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage. If no ticket has more than half of the valid votes, the JCE must dictate the proclama for the second election within three days (calendar: 3 Jun 2028; Constitution art. 209.1, Ley 20-23 arts. 20.6, 97 párr. IV, 164), and this round's declaration then only names the two tickets in the runoff. Per Ley 20-23 art. 302 the formal proclamation of the President and Vice President is made by the National Assembly; the JCE's declaration and certificates are the official result. The new term begins on 16 Aug 2028 (Constitution art. 274)."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-24T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Ley 20-23 art. 236: voting from 07:00 to 17:00 'como plazo máximo', unless the JCE extends it (art. 249: voters in line at 17:00 still vote). The Dominican Republic is on AST (UTC-4) all year, so 17:00 local is 21:00 UTC. The juntas electorales issue partial bulletins as the provisional relation is built (art. 274) and send them to the JCE's central computer. 2024 precedent: the JCE announced its first bulletin for 20:30 local on election night, once 20% of the polling stations were counted (Diario Financiero, 16 May 2024, quoting JCE president Román Jáquez). The window closes at the end of 23 May 2028 local, when the definitive count of the juntas is due ('no mayor de dos (2) días', art. 274 párr. IV; JCE calendar: 'Término del Cómputo Electoral'); that end is an ESTIMATE. These bulletins are provisional, not the JCE's declaration of the result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 41-2024 declared the presidential and vice-presidential winners from the 'Relación General Definitiva del Cómputo Electoral' (El Día, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage. If no ticket has more than half of the valid votes, the JCE must dictate the proclama for the second election within three days (calendar: 3 Jun 2028; Constitution art. 209.1, Ley 20-23 arts. 20.6, 97 párr. IV, 164), and this round's declaration then only names the two tickets in the runoff. Per Ley 20-23 art. 302 the formal proclamation of the President and Vice President is made by the National Assembly; the JCE's declaration and certificates are the official result. The new term begins on 16 Aug 2028 (Constitution art. 274).",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE index of past elections (Elecciones Anteriores), read 2 Oct 2026: it links the per-election 2024 site elecciones2024.jce.gob.do and older results. No page for the 2028 election exists yet (elecciones2028.jce.gob.do did not resolve through our proxy on 2 Oct 2026); the 2028 path is unconfirmed. The election-night bulletins are provisional.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/resultados-presidenciales-y-congresuales",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "race_results",
            "kindReason": "election code and results marker",
            "resolvable": true,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "2024 precedent: the JCE's 2024 results page ('Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual'), with Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024 declaring the winners at each level. Its documents were behind a captcha for our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Elecciones/Calendario-de-Actividades-Administrativas-y-Plazos-Legales-2024",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales 2028 (Dirección Nacional de Elecciones, ©2026), shown on this page as a heyzine flipbook (PDF: cdnm.heyzine.com/files/uploaded/v3/3e73fdf13f2f60e27701afd5009486db617f684b.pdf, read 2 Oct 2026; the page URL still ends in '-2024' but is titled 2028). Its presentation lists the municipal elections in February 2028, 'las elecciones presidenciales, senatoriales y de diputaciones en mayo de 2028' and an eventual 'segunda elección presidencial el último domingo de junio de 2028'. Its legal-deadline table (Nivel presidencial, May 2028) puts 'ELECCIONES ORDINARIAS GENERALES PRESIDENCIALES, SENATORIALES Y DE DIPUTACIONES 2028' on day 21, end of the count ('Término del Cómputo Electoral. 2 días', Ley 20-23 art. 274 párr. IV) on 23 May, the TSE challenge and appeal deadlines (Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31) from 24 to 31 May, the runoff proclama on 3 Jun, the deadline for the general relation of elected candidates and votes ('30 días siguientes', Ley 20-23 art. 292) on 20 Jun, the second presidential election on 25 Jun, its relation deadline on 25 Jul, and the inauguration on 16 Aug 2028. The Proclama Electoral (Ley 20-23 art. 97, at least 70 days before) is not yet dictated.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio?EntryId=31453&Command=Core_Download",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución de la República Dominicana, proclaimed 27 Oct 2024 (JCE copy). Art. 209: elections 'se celebrarán el tercer domingo del mes de mayo' every four years; art. 209.1: if no presidential ticket obtains more than half of the valid votes, 'se efectuará una segunda elección el último domingo del mes de junio del mismo año'. Art. 274: the elected terms end on 16 Aug every four years. Transitory provisions 5 and 7: the 2028 municipal elections are held separately on the third Sunday of February 2028 (not a national election, not profiled here). Polling day 21 May 2028: the third Sunday of May 2028 (1 May 2028 is a Monday, so the Sundays are 7, 14 and 21 May), Constitution art. 209; the JCE's 2028 calendar gives the same day. Kept tentative until the JCE dictates the Proclama Electoral. Terms run four years and end on 16 Aug (art. 274); an extraordinary election would need a convocation law (art. 209.3).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio/Vista-Escritorio?EntryId=24762&Command=Core_Download&Method=attachment",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral (G.O. 11100, 21 Feb 2023), JCE copy linked from jce.gob.do/Partidos-Politicos. Art. 236: voting 'Comenzará a las siete (7) de la mañana y terminará a las cinco (5) de la tarde, como plazo máximo, salvo que la Junta Central Electoral, por razones atendibles, decida ampliar dicho plazo'. Art. 274: partial bulletins while the provisional relation is completed; párrafo IV: the definitive count 'deberá quedar terminado dentro de un período no mayor de dos (2) días'. Art. 291: the JCE makes the national count for president, senators, deputies, international parliaments and overseas deputies. Art. 292: the JCE's general relation of the result 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección, o a la mayor brevedad posible, después de transcurrido este plazo'. Arts. 300-302: the JCE issues the certificates of election; the President and Vice President are proclaimed by the National Assembly.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Dominican_Republic_general_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English Wikipedia article for the 2028 election on 2 Oct 2026; the 2024 article is the closest.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028#president"
      },
      {
        "id": "senate",
        "key": "dominican-republic-general-2028/senate",
        "name": "Senate",
        "body": "legislature-upper",
        "seats": 32,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "do-jce",
          "name": "Central Electoral Board",
          "name_local": "Junta Central Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://jce.gob.do/",
          "results_index": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 42-2024 declared the 32 senators (Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-24T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Ley 20-23 art. 236: voting from 07:00 to 17:00 'como plazo máximo', unless the JCE extends it (art. 249: voters in line at 17:00 still vote). The Dominican Republic is on AST (UTC-4) all year, so 17:00 local is 21:00 UTC. The juntas electorales issue partial bulletins as the provisional relation is built (art. 274) and send them to the JCE's central computer. 2024 precedent: the JCE announced its first bulletin for 20:30 local on election night, once 20% of the polling stations were counted (Diario Financiero, 16 May 2024, quoting JCE president Román Jáquez). The window closes at the end of 23 May 2028 local, when the definitive count of the juntas is due ('no mayor de dos (2) días', art. 274 párr. IV; JCE calendar: 'Término del Cómputo Electoral'); that end is an ESTIMATE. These bulletins are provisional, not the JCE's declaration of the result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 42-2024 declared the 32 senators (Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE index of past elections (Elecciones Anteriores), read 2 Oct 2026: it links the per-election 2024 site elecciones2024.jce.gob.do and older results. No page for the 2028 election exists yet (elecciones2028.jce.gob.do did not resolve through our proxy on 2 Oct 2026); the 2028 path is unconfirmed. The election-night bulletins are provisional.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/resultados-presidenciales-y-congresuales",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "race_results",
            "kindReason": "election code and results marker",
            "resolvable": true,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "2024 precedent: the JCE's 2024 results page ('Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual'), with Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024 declaring the winners at each level. Its documents were behind a captcha for our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Elecciones/Calendario-de-Actividades-Administrativas-y-Plazos-Legales-2024",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales 2028 (Dirección Nacional de Elecciones, ©2026), shown on this page as a heyzine flipbook (PDF: cdnm.heyzine.com/files/uploaded/v3/3e73fdf13f2f60e27701afd5009486db617f684b.pdf, read 2 Oct 2026; the page URL still ends in '-2024' but is titled 2028). Its presentation lists the municipal elections in February 2028, 'las elecciones presidenciales, senatoriales y de diputaciones en mayo de 2028' and an eventual 'segunda elección presidencial el último domingo de junio de 2028'. Its legal-deadline table (Nivel presidencial, May 2028) puts 'ELECCIONES ORDINARIAS GENERALES PRESIDENCIALES, SENATORIALES Y DE DIPUTACIONES 2028' on day 21, end of the count ('Término del Cómputo Electoral. 2 días', Ley 20-23 art. 274 párr. IV) on 23 May, the TSE challenge and appeal deadlines (Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31) from 24 to 31 May, the runoff proclama on 3 Jun, the deadline for the general relation of elected candidates and votes ('30 días siguientes', Ley 20-23 art. 292) on 20 Jun, the second presidential election on 25 Jun, its relation deadline on 25 Jul, and the inauguration on 16 Aug 2028. The Proclama Electoral (Ley 20-23 art. 97, at least 70 days before) is not yet dictated. 32 seats: one senator per province and one for the Distrito Nacional (Constitution art. 78), elected by simple majority (Ley 20-23 art. 294).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio?EntryId=31453&Command=Core_Download",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución de la República Dominicana, proclaimed 27 Oct 2024 (JCE copy). Art. 209: elections 'se celebrarán el tercer domingo del mes de mayo' every four years; art. 209.1: if no presidential ticket obtains more than half of the valid votes, 'se efectuará una segunda elección el último domingo del mes de junio del mismo año'. Art. 274: the elected terms end on 16 Aug every four years. Transitory provisions 5 and 7: the 2028 municipal elections are held separately on the third Sunday of February 2028 (not a national election, not profiled here). Polling day 21 May 2028: the third Sunday of May 2028 (1 May 2028 is a Monday, so the Sundays are 7, 14 and 21 May), Constitution art. 209; the JCE's 2028 calendar gives the same day. Kept tentative until the JCE dictates the Proclama Electoral. Terms run four years and end on 16 Aug (art. 274); an extraordinary election would need a convocation law (art. 209.3).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio/Vista-Escritorio?EntryId=24762&Command=Core_Download&Method=attachment",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral (G.O. 11100, 21 Feb 2023), JCE copy linked from jce.gob.do/Partidos-Politicos. Art. 236: voting 'Comenzará a las siete (7) de la mañana y terminará a las cinco (5) de la tarde, como plazo máximo, salvo que la Junta Central Electoral, por razones atendibles, decida ampliar dicho plazo'. Art. 274: partial bulletins while the provisional relation is completed; párrafo IV: the definitive count 'deberá quedar terminado dentro de un período no mayor de dos (2) días'. Art. 291: the JCE makes the national count for president, senators, deputies, international parliaments and overseas deputies. Art. 292: the JCE's general relation of the result 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección, o a la mayor brevedad posible, después de transcurrido este plazo'. Arts. 300-302: the JCE issues the certificates of election; the President and Vice President are proclaimed by the National Assembly.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Dominican_Republic_general_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English Wikipedia article for the 2028 election on 2 Oct 2026; the 2024 article is the closest.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028#senate"
      },
      {
        "id": "chamber",
        "key": "dominican-republic-general-2028/chamber",
        "name": "Chamber of Deputies",
        "body": "legislature-lower",
        "seats": 170,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "do-jce",
          "name": "Central Electoral Board",
          "name_local": "Junta Central Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://jce.gob.do/",
          "results_index": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 the deputies were declared by Resoluciones 43 (provinces and territorial circumscriptions), 44 (national deputies by accumulation of votes) and 45 (overseas deputies) of 2024; El Día reported the 178 territorial deputies' declaration on 24 May 2024. 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-24T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Ley 20-23 art. 236: voting from 07:00 to 17:00 'como plazo máximo', unless the JCE extends it (art. 249: voters in line at 17:00 still vote). The Dominican Republic is on AST (UTC-4) all year, so 17:00 local is 21:00 UTC. The juntas electorales issue partial bulletins as the provisional relation is built (art. 274) and send them to the JCE's central computer. 2024 precedent: the JCE announced its first bulletin for 20:30 local on election night, once 20% of the polling stations were counted (Diario Financiero, 16 May 2024, quoting JCE president Román Jáquez). The window closes at the end of 23 May 2028 local, when the definitive count of the juntas is due ('no mayor de dos (2) días', art. 274 párr. IV; JCE calendar: 'Término del Cómputo Electoral'); that end is an ESTIMATE. These bulletins are provisional, not the JCE's declaration of the result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 the deputies were declared by Resoluciones 43 (provinces and territorial circumscriptions), 44 (national deputies by accumulation of votes) and 45 (overseas deputies) of 2024; El Día reported the 178 territorial deputies' declaration on 24 May 2024. 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE index of past elections (Elecciones Anteriores), read 2 Oct 2026: it links the per-election 2024 site elecciones2024.jce.gob.do and older results. No page for the 2028 election exists yet (elecciones2028.jce.gob.do did not resolve through our proxy on 2 Oct 2026); the 2028 path is unconfirmed. The election-night bulletins are provisional.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/resultados-presidenciales-y-congresuales",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "race_results",
            "kindReason": "election code and results marker",
            "resolvable": true,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "2024 precedent: the JCE's 2024 results page ('Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual'), with Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024 declaring the winners at each level. Its documents were behind a captcha for our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Elecciones/Calendario-de-Actividades-Administrativas-y-Plazos-Legales-2024",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales 2028 (Dirección Nacional de Elecciones, ©2026), shown on this page as a heyzine flipbook (PDF: cdnm.heyzine.com/files/uploaded/v3/3e73fdf13f2f60e27701afd5009486db617f684b.pdf, read 2 Oct 2026; the page URL still ends in '-2024' but is titled 2028). Its presentation lists the municipal elections in February 2028, 'las elecciones presidenciales, senatoriales y de diputaciones en mayo de 2028' and an eventual 'segunda elección presidencial el último domingo de junio de 2028'. Its legal-deadline table (Nivel presidencial, May 2028) puts 'ELECCIONES ORDINARIAS GENERALES PRESIDENCIALES, SENATORIALES Y DE DIPUTACIONES 2028' on day 21, end of the count ('Término del Cómputo Electoral. 2 días', Ley 20-23 art. 274 párr. IV) on 23 May, the TSE challenge and appeal deadlines (Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31) from 24 to 31 May, the runoff proclama on 3 Jun, the deadline for the general relation of elected candidates and votes ('30 días siguientes', Ley 20-23 art. 292) on 20 Jun, the second presidential election on 25 Jun, its relation deadline on 25 Jul, and the inauguration on 16 Aug 2028. The Proclama Electoral (Ley 20-23 art. 97, at least 70 days before) is not yet dictated. 170 seats from 2028: 158 territorial deputies for the Distrito Nacional and the provinces, five national deputies by accumulation of votes and seven for the Dominican community abroad (Constitution art. 81 as reformed in 2024; it was 190, with 178 territorial, in 2024). Transitory provision 1: the 2028 territorial distribution uses the May 2024 voter register.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio?EntryId=31453&Command=Core_Download",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución de la República Dominicana, proclaimed 27 Oct 2024 (JCE copy). Art. 209: elections 'se celebrarán el tercer domingo del mes de mayo' every four years; art. 209.1: if no presidential ticket obtains more than half of the valid votes, 'se efectuará una segunda elección el último domingo del mes de junio del mismo año'. Art. 274: the elected terms end on 16 Aug every four years. Transitory provisions 5 and 7: the 2028 municipal elections are held separately on the third Sunday of February 2028 (not a national election, not profiled here). Polling day 21 May 2028: the third Sunday of May 2028 (1 May 2028 is a Monday, so the Sundays are 7, 14 and 21 May), Constitution art. 209; the JCE's 2028 calendar gives the same day. Kept tentative until the JCE dictates the Proclama Electoral. Terms run four years and end on 16 Aug (art. 274); an extraordinary election would need a convocation law (art. 209.3).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio/Vista-Escritorio?EntryId=24762&Command=Core_Download&Method=attachment",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral (G.O. 11100, 21 Feb 2023), JCE copy linked from jce.gob.do/Partidos-Politicos. Art. 236: voting 'Comenzará a las siete (7) de la mañana y terminará a las cinco (5) de la tarde, como plazo máximo, salvo que la Junta Central Electoral, por razones atendibles, decida ampliar dicho plazo'. Art. 274: partial bulletins while the provisional relation is completed; párrafo IV: the definitive count 'deberá quedar terminado dentro de un período no mayor de dos (2) días'. Art. 291: the JCE makes the national count for president, senators, deputies, international parliaments and overseas deputies. Art. 292: the JCE's general relation of the result 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección, o a la mayor brevedad posible, después de transcurrido este plazo'. Arts. 300-302: the JCE issues the certificates of election; the President and Vice President are proclaimed by the National Assembly.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Dominican_Republic_general_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English Wikipedia article for the 2028 election on 2 Oct 2026; the 2024 article is the closest.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028#chamber"
      },
      {
        "id": "parlacen",
        "key": "dominican-republic-general-2028/parlacen",
        "name": "Central American Parliament (Dominican deputies)",
        "body": "legislature-unicameral",
        "seats": 20,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "do-jce",
          "name": "Central Electoral Board",
          "name_local": "Junta Central Electoral",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://jce.gob.do/",
          "results_index": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 42-2024 declared the 20 PARLACEN representatives and their alternates together with the senators (Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-05-21T21:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-05-24T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "confidence": "estimate",
            "citation": "Ley 20-23 art. 236: voting from 07:00 to 17:00 'como plazo máximo', unless the JCE extends it (art. 249: voters in line at 17:00 still vote). The Dominican Republic is on AST (UTC-4) all year, so 17:00 local is 21:00 UTC. The juntas electorales issue partial bulletins as the provisional relation is built (art. 274) and send them to the JCE's central computer. 2024 precedent: the JCE announced its first bulletin for 20:30 local on election night, once 20% of the polling stations were counted (Diario Financiero, 16 May 2024, quoting JCE president Román Jáquez). The window closes at the end of 23 May 2028 local, when the definitive count of the juntas is due ('no mayor de dos (2) días', art. 274 párr. IV; JCE calendar: 'Término del Cómputo Electoral'); that end is an ESTIMATE. These bulletins are provisional, not the JCE's declaration of the result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-05-24T04:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-06-21T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "The JCE makes the national count (Ley 20-23 art. 291), formulates the general relation of the result and the elected candidates 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección' (art. 292), and issues the certificates of election (art. 300); the JCE's 2028 calendar sets 20 Jun 2028 as the 'Fecha límite para formular la relación general de candidatos/as electos/as y votos obtenidos'. The window closes at the end of 20 Jun 2028 local (UTC-4). Art. 292 lets the relation come later 'a la mayor brevedad posible' if the 30 days are not enough, so this end is the legal target, not an absolute bound. The opening is an ESTIMATED floor: the juntas' definitive count is due within two days (art. 274 párr. IV, 23 May 2028). In 2024 Resolución 42-2024 declared the 20 PARLACEN representatives and their alternates together with the senators (Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024). 2024 precedent: polling day 19 May 2024; the JCE's resolutions declaring the winners (Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024, listed on elecciones2024.jce.gob.do) were reported on 24 May (El Día, 24 May 2024, 17:29, on the provincial deputies) and 25 May 2024 (El Día and Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024, on the presidential, senatorial, PARLACEN, national and overseas levels), i.e. day 5-6. Challenges go to the juntas electorales and on appeal to the Tribunal Superior Electoral within the calendar's deadlines (24-31 May 2028, Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31); they are decided before the JCE's declaration, so there is no separate court stage.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Dependencias/Elecciones/Elecciones-Anteriores",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE index of past elections (Elecciones Anteriores), read 2 Oct 2026: it links the per-election 2024 site elecciones2024.jce.gob.do and older results. No page for the 2028 election exists yet (elecciones2028.jce.gob.do did not resolve through our proxy on 2 Oct 2026); the 2028 path is unconfirmed. The election-night bulletins are provisional.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://elecciones2024.jce.gob.do/resultados-presidenciales-y-congresuales",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "race_results",
            "kindReason": "election code and results marker",
            "resolvable": true,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "2024 precedent: the JCE's 2024 results page ('Resultados Definitivos Presidencial y Congresual'), with Resoluciones 41-45 of 2024 declaring the winners at each level. Its documents were behind a captcha for our fetcher on 2 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/Elecciones/Calendario-de-Actividades-Administrativas-y-Plazos-Legales-2024",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "JCE Calendario de Actividades Administrativas y Plazos Legales 2028 (Dirección Nacional de Elecciones, ©2026), shown on this page as a heyzine flipbook (PDF: cdnm.heyzine.com/files/uploaded/v3/3e73fdf13f2f60e27701afd5009486db617f684b.pdf, read 2 Oct 2026; the page URL still ends in '-2024' but is titled 2028). Its presentation lists the municipal elections in February 2028, 'las elecciones presidenciales, senatoriales y de diputaciones en mayo de 2028' and an eventual 'segunda elección presidencial el último domingo de junio de 2028'. Its legal-deadline table (Nivel presidencial, May 2028) puts 'ELECCIONES ORDINARIAS GENERALES PRESIDENCIALES, SENATORIALES Y DE DIPUTACIONES 2028' on day 21, end of the count ('Término del Cómputo Electoral. 2 días', Ley 20-23 art. 274 párr. IV) on 23 May, the TSE challenge and appeal deadlines (Ley 39-25 arts. 25, 29, 31) from 24 to 31 May, the runoff proclama on 3 Jun, the deadline for the general relation of elected candidates and votes ('30 días siguientes', Ley 20-23 art. 292) on 20 Jun, the second presidential election on 25 Jun, its relation deadline on 25 Jul, and the inauguration on 16 Aug 2028. The Proclama Electoral (Ley 20-23 art. 97, at least 70 days before) is not yet dictated. PARLACEN deputies are elected by D'Hondt in closed lists from the parties' totals in the Senate level (Ley 20-23, párrafo after the list of election levels). 20 deputies in 2024 (Resolución 42-2024, Prensa Latina, 25 May 2024); the 2028 number is not restated in the documents read. PARLACEN is a regional parliament, not a national legislature; legislature-unicameral is the closest body value in the model.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio?EntryId=31453&Command=Core_Download",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Constitución de la República Dominicana, proclaimed 27 Oct 2024 (JCE copy). Art. 209: elections 'se celebrarán el tercer domingo del mes de mayo' every four years; art. 209.1: if no presidential ticket obtains more than half of the valid votes, 'se efectuará una segunda elección el último domingo del mes de junio del mismo año'. Art. 274: the elected terms end on 16 Aug every four years. Transitory provisions 5 and 7: the 2028 municipal elections are held separately on the third Sunday of February 2028 (not a national election, not profiled here). Polling day 21 May 2028: the third Sunday of May 2028 (1 May 2028 is a Monday, so the Sundays are 7, 14 and 21 May), Constitution art. 209; the JCE's 2028 calendar gives the same day. Kept tentative until the JCE dictates the Proclama Electoral. Terms run four years and end on 16 Aug (art. 274); an extraordinary election would need a convocation law (art. 209.3).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/portaltransparencia/Repositorio/Vista-Escritorio?EntryId=24762&Command=Core_Download&Method=attachment",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Ley 20-23 Orgánica del Régimen Electoral (G.O. 11100, 21 Feb 2023), JCE copy linked from jce.gob.do/Partidos-Politicos. Art. 236: voting 'Comenzará a las siete (7) de la mañana y terminará a las cinco (5) de la tarde, como plazo máximo, salvo que la Junta Central Electoral, por razones atendibles, decida ampliar dicho plazo'. Art. 274: partial bulletins while the provisional relation is completed; párrafo IV: the definitive count 'deberá quedar terminado dentro de un período no mayor de dos (2) días'. Art. 291: the JCE makes the national count for president, senators, deputies, international parliaments and overseas deputies. Art. 292: the JCE's general relation of the result 'Dentro de los treinta (30) días siguientes a la fecha de la elección, o a la mayor brevedad posible, después de transcurrido este plazo'. Arts. 300-302: the JCE issues the certificates of election; the President and Vice President are proclaimed by the National Assembly.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Dominican_Republic_general_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "No English Wikipedia article for the 2028 election on 2 Oct 2026; the 2024 article is the closest.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://jce.gob.do/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/dominican-republic-general-2028#parlacen"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": {
    "dataset_version": "2026-10-02.be7d6f40",
    "built_at": "2026-10-02T15:42:24Z",
    "generated_at": "2026-10-02T18:14:25.768Z",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org",
    "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs"
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