{ "data": { "id": "house", "key": "canada-legislative-2025/house", "name": "House of Commons", "body": "legislature-lower", "seats": 343, "seats_provisional": false, "polls_close_utc": "2025-04-29T02:00:00Z", "authority": { "id": "ca-ec", "name": "Elections Canada", "name_local": "Élections Canada", "role": "electoral-commission", "homepage": "https://www.elections.ca/", "results_index": "https://enr.elections.ca/", "open_data": "https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx" }, "status": "final-expected", "expected_stage_now": null, "observed": false, "final_observed": { "at": "2025-05-27T03:59:59Z", "source": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html" }, "final_expected": { "from": null, "by": "2025-06-02T03:59:59Z", "confidence": "announced", "basis": "Polling day Monday 28 Apr 2025, after the dissolution of 23 Mar 2025. POLLS: Canada Elections Act s.128 and the Elections Canada release of 28 Apr 2025: the last polls closed at 7:00 p.m. PDT in the Pacific zone, 02:00 UTC on 29 Apr (Yukon, UTC-7 all year, also 7 p.m. local per the 2029 record, = 02:00 UTC); pollsCloseUtc is that last close, as in canada-legislative-2029. FINAL ACT: the return of the writ. s.313(1): the returning officer, without delay after the sixth day following the completion of the validation of results or, after a recount, on receiving the judge's certificate, declares elected the candidate with the most votes; s.317: the Chief Electoral Officer publishes the names of the members elected in the Canada Gazette in the order the returns are received. 'Final' here means all 343 returns received and gazetted. The last notice, Canada Gazette Part I Extra No. 13 of 26 May 2025, reads: 'Notice is hereby given, pursuant to section 317 of the Canada Elections Act, that returns, or electronic copies thereof, have been received in the following order for the election of members to serve in the House of Commons of Canada' (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore, Terra Nova—The Peninsulas), signed 'May 23, 2025, Stéphane Perrault, Chief Electoral Officer'. The notice gives dates only, so observedAt is the end of the publication day, 26 May 2025, 23:59:59 EDT (UTC-4), stated as such; the returns themselves had been received by 23 May. Day 28 after polling day. The seven notices (Extra Nos. 7-13, 9-26 May 2025) list 343 members in total (counted by us). EXPECTED: s.62(c) and s.293: validation not later than seven days after polling day (5 May), adjournable for up to 7 days and then by further adjournments of no more than two weeks in total (latest day 28, 26 May); plus the six days of s.313(1): day 34, Sunday 1 June 2025; expectedBy is the end of that day EDT. Judicial recounts (four in 2025) have no fixed length and could have pushed a return later; none did. A contested-election application (s.527, within 30 days of the Gazette notice) does not delay the return: Terrebonne's was filed 23 May 2025 (EC report ch. 3). No court must confirm the result, so there is no court-validation stage. Elections Canada's Official Voting Results report (ovrGE45) was published months later and repeats the returned results; it is not the legal final act. LICENCE: Elections Canada's Terms and Conditions (https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pri&document=index&lang=e, 'Copyright/Permission to Reproduce Notices', page dated 30 Mar 2026) allow reproduction 'for non-commercial purposes' only and say 'Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials on this website, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Elections Canada.' The 42nd-44th general election Official Voting Results are on open.canada.ca under the Open Government Licence - Canada, but no 45th general election results dataset was listed there on 3 Oct 2026 (CKAN search, organization 'elections'). The Copyright Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, s.12, Justice Laws, current to 2026-09-21) vests copyright in works prepared or published by or under the direction of the Crown and has no exclusion for official acts or election results. Chris, 5 Oct 2026: Election Index is non-commercial, so these terms permit copying the counts; they are in results." }, "last_final": null, "previous": null, "stages": [ { "stage": "final-result", "from": null, "by": "2025-06-02T03:59:59Z", "replacedAt": null, "confidence": "announced", "citation": "Polling day Monday 28 Apr 2025, after the dissolution of 23 Mar 2025. POLLS: Canada Elections Act s.128 and the Elections Canada release of 28 Apr 2025: the last polls closed at 7:00 p.m. PDT in the Pacific zone, 02:00 UTC on 29 Apr (Yukon, UTC-7 all year, also 7 p.m. local per the 2029 record, = 02:00 UTC); pollsCloseUtc is that last close, as in canada-legislative-2029. FINAL ACT: the return of the writ. s.313(1): the returning officer, without delay after the sixth day following the completion of the validation of results or, after a recount, on receiving the judge's certificate, declares elected the candidate with the most votes; s.317: the Chief Electoral Officer publishes the names of the members elected in the Canada Gazette in the order the returns are received. 'Final' here means all 343 returns received and gazetted. The last notice, Canada Gazette Part I Extra No. 13 of 26 May 2025, reads: 'Notice is hereby given, pursuant to section 317 of the Canada Elections Act, that returns, or electronic copies thereof, have been received in the following order for the election of members to serve in the House of Commons of Canada' (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore, Terra Nova—The Peninsulas), signed 'May 23, 2025, Stéphane Perrault, Chief Electoral Officer'. The notice gives dates only, so observedAt is the end of the publication day, 26 May 2025, 23:59:59 EDT (UTC-4), stated as such; the returns themselves had been received by 23 May. Day 28 after polling day. The seven notices (Extra Nos. 7-13, 9-26 May 2025) list 343 members in total (counted by us). EXPECTED: s.62(c) and s.293: validation not later than seven days after polling day (5 May), adjournable for up to 7 days and then by further adjournments of no more than two weeks in total (latest day 28, 26 May); plus the six days of s.313(1): day 34, Sunday 1 June 2025; expectedBy is the end of that day EDT. Judicial recounts (four in 2025) have no fixed length and could have pushed a return later; none did. A contested-election application (s.527, within 30 days of the Gazette notice) does not delay the return: Terrebonne's was filed 23 May 2025 (EC report ch. 3). No court must confirm the result, so there is no court-validation stage. Elections Canada's Official Voting Results report (ovrGE45) was published months later and repeats the returned results; it is not the legal final act. LICENCE: Elections Canada's Terms and Conditions (https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pri&document=index&lang=e, 'Copyright/Permission to Reproduce Notices', page dated 30 Mar 2026) allow reproduction 'for non-commercial purposes' only and say 'Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials on this website, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Elections Canada.' The 42nd-44th general election Official Voting Results are on open.canada.ca under the Open Government Licence - Canada, but no 45th general election results dataset was listed there on 3 Oct 2026 (CKAN search, organization 'elections'). The Copyright Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, s.12, Justice Laws, current to 2026-09-21) vests copyright in works prepared or published by or under the direction of the Crown and has no exclusion for official acts or election results. Chris, 5 Oct 2026: Election Index is non-commercial, so these terms permit copying the counts; they are in results.", "source": null, "observedAt": "2025-05-27T03:59:59Z", "observedSource": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html" } ], "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/home.html", "role": "results-final", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Elections Canada, Official Voting Results, Forty-fifth General Election (28 Apr 2025): Table 3 (ballots cast and turnout), Table 7 (seats by political affiliation), Table 8 (valid votes by political affiliation), Table 11 (results by electoral district), Table 12 (candidates), and poll-by-poll pages. CSV versions of the summary tables: https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/45gedata&document=summary&lang=e. National counts (Tables 3, 7, 8) are copied in results under Elections Canada's non-commercial reproduction terms. Read 3 Oct 2026; tables re-read 5 Oct 2026.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": false, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/62/data_donnees/table_tableau08.csv", "role": "results-final", "kind": "feed", "kindReason": "machine-readable file", "resolvable": true, "origin": "race", "note": "Official Voting Results GE45, Table 8 'Number of valid votes by political affiliation', CSV (bilingual headers; one column per province or territory, no national total column). Seats by affiliation are in table_tableau07.csv, ballots and electors in table_tableau03.csv, in the same folder.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/45gedata&document=index&lang=e", "role": "results-final", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Elections Canada, '45th General Election: Official Voting Results (raw data)': poll-by-poll results by district, province or all of Canada, summary tables and polling-day registrations (CSV). Page dated 5 Nov 2025.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": false, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Canada Gazette Part I, Vol. 159, No. 13 Extra (26 May 2025), Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, 'Return of members elected at the 45th general election' (s.317): returns for Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore and Terra Nova—The Peninsulas; notice signed 23 May 2025 by the Chief Electoral Officer. The last of seven such notices: Extra Nos. 7 (9 May, 42 members), 8 (13 May, 62), 9 (14 May, 167), 10 (15 May, 30), 11 (16 May, 26), 12 (21 May, 12) and 13 (26 May, 4) = 343 members; Extra No. 14 (15 Jul 2025) concerns by-elections.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep%2Foff%2Fsta_ge45&document=p3&lang=e", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Report on the 45th General Election of April 28, 2025, ch. 3 'Closing the General Election': validation (Northwest Territories completed 9 May, Nunavut 16 May 2025), four judicial recounts (Milton East–Halton Hills South, Terra Nova–The Peninsulas, Terrebonne, Windsor–Tecumseh–Lakeshore; the Terra Nova–The Peninsulas recount changed the winner), and the Terrebonne contested-election application filed 23 May 2025 at the Superior Court of Québec.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&dir=pre&document=apr2825&lang=e", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Elections Canada news release, 28 Apr 2025, 'The federal general election is today': voting hours (local time) Newfoundland and Atlantic 8:30 a.m.–8:30 p.m.; Eastern 9:30 a.m.–9:30 p.m.; Central (except Saskatchewan) 8:30 a.m.–8:30 p.m.; Mountain and Saskatchewan 7:30 a.m.–7:30 p.m.; Pacific 7:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m.", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-2.01/FullText.html", "role": "timetable", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "no election or results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "note": "Canada Elections Act, S.C. 2000, c. 9: s.128 (voting hours), s.293 (validation of results), ss.300-301 (judicial recounts), s.313 (return of the writ), s.317 (Canada Gazette publication of the returns), ss.524-527 (contested elections).", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election", "role": "see-also", "kind": "other", "kindReason": "election page without a results marker", "resolvable": false, "origin": "race", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://enr.elections.ca/", "role": "results-index", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": false, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx", "role": "open-data", "kind": "results_index", "kindReason": "results section without an election code", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null }, { "url": "https://www.elections.ca/", "role": "authority-home", "kind": "emb_home", "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question", "resolvable": false, "origin": "authority", "check": { "status": 200, "state": "ok", "at": "2026-10-26T05:17:46Z" }, "figures_in_html": null, "oracle_reads": null, "not_resolvable_because": null } ], "results_page": { "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/canada-legislative-2025/house", "role": "secondary", "stage": "final-result", "final": true, "published_at": "2025-11-06", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05T12:00:00Z", "copied_from": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/62/data_donnees/table_tableau08.csv", "publisher": "Elections Canada (Official Voting Results, 45th general election)", "note": "Global Election Index's copy of the count. The authority's own page (resolution_sources) is the primary source; use this when it cannot be read." }, "page_activity": [], "government": null, "results": [ { "stage": "final-result", "published_at": "2025-11-06", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-05T12:00:00Z", "source": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/62/data_donnees/table_tableau08.csv", "publisher": "Elections Canada (Official Voting Results, 45th general election)", "licence": "Elections Canada Terms and Conditions (https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pri&document=index&lang=e), 'Copyright/Permission to Reproduce Notices', Non-commercial Reproduction: 'Unless otherwise specified, you may reproduce the materials in whole or in part for non-commercial purposes, and in any format, without charge or further permission from Elections Canada', provided the reproducer exercises due diligence on accuracy, indicates the complete title and author, and indicates that the reproduction is a copy of the version available at the source URL. Reproduced from 'Forty-Fifth General Election 2025: Official Voting Results', Elections Canada; a copy of the version available at https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/home.html. Election Index is non-commercial (Chris, 5 Oct 2026).", "total_votes": 19641663, "electorate": 28731275, "ballots": 19811520, "turnout": 68.95, "note": "National votes per political affiliation are our sums of the 13 province and territory columns of Table 8 'Number of valid votes by political affiliation' (the CSV has no national total column); all 18 lines are listed, including 'Independent' and 'No Affiliation', with names as Elections Canada writes them in English. The rows add up to 19,641,663, equal to the total valid ballots in Table 3 'Number of ballots cast and voter turnout' (table_tableau03.csv, summed over provinces and territories), which also gives 169,857 rejected ballots, 19,811,520 total ballots cast and 28,731,275 electors. Seats are from Table 7 'Distribution of seats by political affiliation and gender' (table_tableau07.csv, summed over genders and provinces): Liberal 169, Conservative 144, Bloc Québécois 22, NDP 7, Green 1, others 0 = 343. publishedAt is the date Elections Canada's 'What's New' 2025 archive gives for 'Reports: Forty-Fifth General Election 2025: Official Voting Results' (6 Nov 2025); the CSV files carry a Last-Modified of 5 Nov 2025. Tables read 5 Oct 2026. Terrebonne: Elections Canada's news release of 13 Feb 2026 reports the riding's 45th general election result annulled after a contested-election application (Supreme Court of Canada decision noted on its What's New page, 2 Sep 2026). These Official Voting Results still show the result as returned; seats here are the general election as returned.", "rows": [ { "candidate": "Liberal Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 8595488, "share": 43.76, "seats": 169, "winner": true }, { "candidate": "Conservative Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 8113484, "share": 41.31, "seats": 144, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Bloc Québécois", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 1236349, "share": 6.29, "seats": 22, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "New Democratic Party", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 1234673, "share": 6.29, "seats": 7, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Green Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 238892, "share": 1.22, "seats": 1, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "People's Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 136977, "share": 0.7, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Independent", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 34289, "share": 0.17, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Christian Heritage Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 10065, "share": 0.05, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Parti Rhinocéros Party", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 7063, "share": 0.04, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "United Party of Canada (UP)", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 6061, "share": 0.03, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Libertarian Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 5561, "share": 0.03, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "No Affiliation", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 5209, "share": 0.03, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Marxist-Leninist Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 4996, "share": 0.03, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Communist Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 4685, "share": 0.02, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Centrist Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 3314, "share": 0.02, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Canadian Future Party", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 3123, "share": 0.02, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Animal Protection Party of Canada", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 1301, "share": 0.01, "seats": 0, "winner": false }, { "candidate": "Marijuana Party", "ballot_name": null, "party": null, "party_id": null, "colour": null, "votes": 133, "share": 0, "seats": 0, "winner": false } ] } ], "live_count": null, "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/canada-legislative-2025#house" }, "meta": { "dataset_version": "2026-10-26.74f9bab4", "built_at": "2026-10-26T08:01:24Z", "generated_at": "2026-10-26T20:03:05.167Z", "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org", "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs" } }