{
  "data": {
    "id": "canada-legislative-2025",
    "country": "CA",
    "country_name": "Canada",
    "level": "national",
    "subdivision": null,
    "subdivision_name": null,
    "date": "2025-04-28",
    "date_status": "declared",
    "date_window": null,
    "kind": "legislative",
    "conditional": null,
    "timezone": "America/Toronto",
    "status": "final-expected",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-10-03T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-10-03: Canada Gazette Part I Extra Nos. 7-13, 2025 (gazette.gc.ca, returns of members, s.317); Elections Canada Official Voting Results GE45 (elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45), Report on the 45th General Election ch. 3, news release 28 Apr 2025, Terms and Conditions; Canada Elections Act (laws-lois.justice.gc.ca); Copyright Act s.12; open.canada.ca CKAN search for Elections Canada datasets",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index); vote counts not copied (Elections Canada terms allow non-commercial reproduction only; no open licence found for the 45th general election results)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/canada-legislative-2025",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "house",
        "key": "canada-legislative-2025/house",
        "name": "House of Commons",
        "body": "legislature-lower",
        "seats": 343,
        "seats_provisional": false,
        "polls_close_utc": "2025-04-29T02:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "ca-ec",
          "name": "Elections Canada",
          "name_local": "Élections Canada",
          "role": "electoral-commission",
          "homepage": "https://www.elections.ca/",
          "results_index": "https://enr.elections.ca/",
          "open_data": "https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx"
        },
        "status": "final-expected",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": {
          "at": "2025-05-27T03:59:59Z",
          "source": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html"
        },
        "final_expected": {
          "from": null,
          "by": "2025-06-02T03:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "announced",
          "basis": "Polling day Monday 28 Apr 2025, after the dissolution of 23 Mar 2025. POLLS: Canada Elections Act s.128 and the Elections Canada release of 28 Apr 2025: the last polls closed at 7:00 p.m. PDT in the Pacific zone, 02:00 UTC on 29 Apr (Yukon, UTC-7 all year, also 7 p.m. local per the 2029 record, = 02:00 UTC); pollsCloseUtc is that last close, as in canada-legislative-2029. FINAL ACT: the return of the writ. s.313(1): the returning officer, without delay after the sixth day following the completion of the validation of results or, after a recount, on receiving the judge's certificate, declares elected the candidate with the most votes; s.317: the Chief Electoral Officer publishes the names of the members elected in the Canada Gazette in the order the returns are received. 'Final' here means all 343 returns received and gazetted. The last notice, Canada Gazette Part I Extra No. 13 of 26 May 2025, reads: 'Notice is hereby given, pursuant to section 317 of the Canada Elections Act, that returns, or electronic copies thereof, have been received in the following order for the election of members to serve in the House of Commons of Canada' (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore, Terra Nova—The Peninsulas), signed 'May 23, 2025, Stéphane Perrault, Chief Electoral Officer'. The notice gives dates only, so observedAt is the end of the publication day, 26 May 2025, 23:59:59 EDT (UTC-4), stated as such; the returns themselves had been received by 23 May. Day 28 after polling day. The seven notices (Extra Nos. 7-13, 9-26 May 2025) list 343 members in total (counted by us). EXPECTED: s.62(c) and s.293: validation not later than seven days after polling day (5 May), adjournable for up to 7 days and then by further adjournments of no more than two weeks in total (latest day 28, 26 May); plus the six days of s.313(1): day 34, Sunday 1 June 2025; expectedBy is the end of that day EDT. Judicial recounts (four in 2025) have no fixed length and could have pushed a return later; none did. A contested-election application (s.527, within 30 days of the Gazette notice) does not delay the return: Terrebonne's was filed 23 May 2025 (EC report ch. 3). No court must confirm the result, so there is no court-validation stage. Elections Canada's Official Voting Results report (ovrGE45) was published months later and repeats the returned results; it is not the legal final act. RESULTS NOT COPIED: Elections Canada's Terms and Conditions (https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pri&document=index&lang=e, 'Copyright/Permission to Reproduce Notices', page dated 30 Mar 2026) allow reproduction 'for non-commercial purposes' only and say 'Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials on this website, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Elections Canada.' The 42nd-44th general election Official Voting Results are on open.canada.ca under the Open Government Licence - Canada, but no 45th general election results dataset was listed there on 3 Oct 2026 (CKAN search, organization 'elections'). The Copyright Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, s.12, Justice Laws, current to 2026-09-21) vests copyright in works prepared or published by or under the direction of the Crown and has no exclusion for official acts or election results."
        },
        "last_final": null,
        "previous": null,
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": null,
            "by": "2025-06-02T03:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "announced",
            "citation": "Polling day Monday 28 Apr 2025, after the dissolution of 23 Mar 2025. POLLS: Canada Elections Act s.128 and the Elections Canada release of 28 Apr 2025: the last polls closed at 7:00 p.m. PDT in the Pacific zone, 02:00 UTC on 29 Apr (Yukon, UTC-7 all year, also 7 p.m. local per the 2029 record, = 02:00 UTC); pollsCloseUtc is that last close, as in canada-legislative-2029. FINAL ACT: the return of the writ. s.313(1): the returning officer, without delay after the sixth day following the completion of the validation of results or, after a recount, on receiving the judge's certificate, declares elected the candidate with the most votes; s.317: the Chief Electoral Officer publishes the names of the members elected in the Canada Gazette in the order the returns are received. 'Final' here means all 343 returns received and gazetted. The last notice, Canada Gazette Part I Extra No. 13 of 26 May 2025, reads: 'Notice is hereby given, pursuant to section 317 of the Canada Elections Act, that returns, or electronic copies thereof, have been received in the following order for the election of members to serve in the House of Commons of Canada' (Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore, Terra Nova—The Peninsulas), signed 'May 23, 2025, Stéphane Perrault, Chief Electoral Officer'. The notice gives dates only, so observedAt is the end of the publication day, 26 May 2025, 23:59:59 EDT (UTC-4), stated as such; the returns themselves had been received by 23 May. Day 28 after polling day. The seven notices (Extra Nos. 7-13, 9-26 May 2025) list 343 members in total (counted by us). EXPECTED: s.62(c) and s.293: validation not later than seven days after polling day (5 May), adjournable for up to 7 days and then by further adjournments of no more than two weeks in total (latest day 28, 26 May); plus the six days of s.313(1): day 34, Sunday 1 June 2025; expectedBy is the end of that day EDT. Judicial recounts (four in 2025) have no fixed length and could have pushed a return later; none did. A contested-election application (s.527, within 30 days of the Gazette notice) does not delay the return: Terrebonne's was filed 23 May 2025 (EC report ch. 3). No court must confirm the result, so there is no court-validation stage. Elections Canada's Official Voting Results report (ovrGE45) was published months later and repeats the returned results; it is not the legal final act. RESULTS NOT COPIED: Elections Canada's Terms and Conditions (https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=pri&document=index&lang=e, 'Copyright/Permission to Reproduce Notices', page dated 30 Mar 2026) allow reproduction 'for non-commercial purposes' only and say 'Unless otherwise specified, you may not reproduce materials on this website, in whole or in part, for the purposes of commercial redistribution without prior written permission from Elections Canada.' The 42nd-44th general election Official Voting Results are on open.canada.ca under the Open Government Licence - Canada, but no 45th general election results dataset was listed there on 3 Oct 2026 (CKAN search, organization 'elections'). The Copyright Act (R.S.C. 1985, c. C-42, s.12, Justice Laws, current to 2026-09-21) vests copyright in works prepared or published by or under the direction of the Crown and has no exclusion for official acts or election results.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": "2025-05-27T03:59:59Z",
            "observedSource": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html"
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/home.html",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Elections Canada, Official Voting Results, Forty-fifth General Election (28 Apr 2025): Table 3 (ballots cast and turnout), Table 7 (seats by political affiliation), Table 8 (valid votes by political affiliation), Table 11 (results by electoral district), Table 12 (candidates), and poll-by-poll pages. CSV versions of the summary tables: https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/45gedata&document=summary&lang=e. Counts are NOT copied here: see the licence note under final-result. Read 3 Oct 2026.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/res/rep/off/ovrGE45/62/data_donnees/table_tableau08.csv",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "feed",
            "kindReason": "machine-readable file",
            "resolvable": true,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Official Voting Results GE45, Table 8 'Number of valid votes by political affiliation', CSV (bilingual headers; one column per province or territory, no national total column). Seats by affiliation are in table_tableau07.csv, ballots and electors in table_tableau03.csv, in the same folder.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep/off/45gedata&document=index&lang=e",
            "role": "results-final",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Elections Canada, '45th General Election: Official Voting Results (raw data)': poll-by-poll results by district, province or all of Canada, summary tables and polling-day registrations (CSV). Page dated 5 Nov 2025.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://gazette.gc.ca/rp-pr/p1/2025/2025-05-26-x13/html/extra13-eng.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Canada Gazette Part I, Vol. 159, No. 13 Extra (26 May 2025), Office of the Chief Electoral Officer, 'Return of members elected at the 45th general election' (s.317): returns for Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore and Terra Nova—The Peninsulas; notice signed 23 May 2025 by the Chief Electoral Officer. The last of seven such notices: Extra Nos. 7 (9 May, 42 members), 8 (13 May, 62), 9 (14 May, 167), 10 (15 May, 30), 11 (16 May, 26), 12 (21 May, 12) and 13 (26 May, 4) = 343 members; Extra No. 14 (15 Jul 2025) concerns by-elections.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=res&dir=rep%2Foff%2Fsta_ge45&document=p3&lang=e",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Report on the 45th General Election of April 28, 2025, ch. 3 'Closing the General Election': validation (Northwest Territories completed 9 May, Nunavut 16 May 2025), four judicial recounts (Milton East–Halton Hills South, Terra Nova–The Peninsulas, Terrebonne, Windsor–Tecumseh–Lakeshore; the Terra Nova–The Peninsulas recount changed the winner), and the Terrebonne contested-election application filed 23 May 2025 at the Superior Court of Québec.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=med&dir=pre&document=apr2825&lang=e",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Elections Canada news release, 28 Apr 2025, 'The federal general election is today': voting hours (local time) Newfoundland and Atlantic 8:30 a.m.–8:30 p.m.; Eastern 9:30 a.m.–9:30 p.m.; Central (except Saskatchewan) 8:30 a.m.–8:30 p.m.; Mountain and Saskatchewan 7:30 a.m.–7:30 p.m.; Pacific 7:00 a.m.–7:00 p.m.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/e-2.01/FullText.html",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Canada Elections Act, S.C. 2000, c. 9: s.128 (voting hours), s.293 (validation of results), ss.300-301 (judicial recounts), s.313 (return of the writ), s.317 (Canada Gazette publication of the returns), ss.524-527 (contested elections).",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Canadian_federal_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://enr.elections.ca/",
            "role": "results-index",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://enr.elections.ca/DownloadResults.aspx",
            "role": "open-data",
            "kind": "results_index",
            "kindReason": "results section without an election code",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.elections.ca/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "emb_home",
            "kindReason": "site root: cannot answer a results question",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "results": [],
        "live_count": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/canada-legislative-2025#house"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": {
    "dataset_version": "2026-10-03.71d1d070",
    "built_at": "2026-10-03T11:39:44Z",
    "generated_at": "2026-10-03T11:45:04.021Z",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Global Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org",
    "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs"
  }
}