{
  "data": {
    "id": "austria-presidential-2028-r2",
    "country": "AT",
    "country_name": "Austria",
    "date": "2028-11-05",
    "date_status": "tentative",
    "kind": "runoff",
    "conditional": "Held only if no candidate wins more than half of the valid votes in the first round (B-VG art. 60(2), BPräsWG § 17). The second round ('engere Wahl') takes place on the fourth Sunday after the first, between the two candidates with the most valid votes; the Bundeswahlbehörde orders it by the eighth day after the first round (BPräsWG §§ 18, 19(1)). The date follows from the tentative first-round date of 8 Oct 2028.",
    "timezone": "Europe/Vienna",
    "status": "scheduled",
    "last_verified_at": "2026-09-25T12:00:00Z",
    "stale": false,
    "stale_reason": null,
    "provenance": {
      "from": "researcher agent 2026-09-25: B-VG arts. 60, 141 and BPräsWG 1971 §§ 1, 10, 14, 14a, 15-19, 21, 22 (ris.bka.gv.at, Fassung vom 25.09.2026), NRWO 1992 § 52; BMI Bundespräsidentenwahl 2022 and 2016 pages, 2022 Wahlkalender and Kundmachung der Bundeswahlbehörde of 17 Oct 2022 (bmi.gv.at); BMI press release OTS0182 of 10 Oct 2022, OTS0003 of 30 Sep 2024 (ots.at); Parlamentskorrespondenz PK0071 of 26 Jan 2023 (parlament.gv.at)",
      "licence": "CC BY 4.0 (Election Index)"
    },
    "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/austria-presidential-2028-r2",
    "races": [
      {
        "id": "president",
        "key": "austria-presidential-2028-r2/president",
        "name": "Federal President",
        "body": "head-of-state",
        "seats": null,
        "polls_close_utc": "2028-11-05T16:00:00Z",
        "authority": {
          "id": "at-bmi",
          "name": "Federal Ministry of the Interior (Federal Electoral Board)",
          "name_local": "Bundesministerium für Inneres – Bundeswahlbehörde",
          "role": "ministry",
          "homepage": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/",
          "results_index": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/nationalratswahlen/start.html",
          "open_data": null
        },
        "status": "scheduled",
        "expected_stage_now": null,
        "observed": false,
        "final_observed": null,
        "final_expected": {
          "from": "2028-11-10T08:00:00Z",
          "by": "2028-11-19T22:59:59Z",
          "confidence": "precedent",
          "basis": "The Bundeswahlbehörde declares the winner (§§ 17, 20(2)) and publishes the result 'unverzüglich' on the BMI notice board and the internet (§ 21(1)); the law sets no day. Precedent from the BMI's own page: the 22 May 2016 second round was declared in the 'Verlautbarung der Bundeswahlbehörde vom 1. Juni 2016' (day 10); the repeated second round of 4 Dec 2016 on 15 Dec 2016 (day 11). The opening, Friday 10 Nov 2028 09:00 CET (day 5, by analogy with § 15(2)), is an ESTIMATED floor; the window closes at the end of Sunday 19 Nov 2028 (day 14). A challenge may be lodged at the Verfassungsgerichtshof within one week, and the court decides within four weeks (§ 21(2)); the Chancellor then publishes the result in the Bundesgesetzblatt (§ 22). The court acts only on a challenge (it annulled the 2016 second round, VfGH W I 6/2016 of 1 Jul 2016), so there is no court-validation stage. The incumbent's term ends on 26 Jan 2029."
        },
        "stages": [
          {
            "stage": "election-night",
            "from": "2028-11-05T16:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-11-06T02:00:00Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-11-06T08:00:00Z",
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "Polls close no later than 17:00 local (NRWO § 52(2), applied by BPräsWG §§ 10(1), 20(2)); EU summer time ends on 29 Oct 2028, so on 5 Nov 2028 Vienna is on CET (UTC+1) and polls close by 16:00 UTC. Election-night timing is taken from the 2024 National Council precedent run by the same authorities (BMI national preliminary result at 00:44 local, OTS0003, 30 Sep 2024); the 2016 second-round election-night timing was not checked. The window closes at 03:00 CET Monday. Preliminary, excluding the postal ballot cards counted on Monday; not the declared result.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "intermediate-count",
            "from": "2028-11-06T08:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-11-07T11:00:00Z",
            "replacedAt": "2028-11-10T08:00:00Z",
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "BPräsWG § 14a(1) (applied to the second round by § 20(2)): 'Am Tag nach der Wahl, 9.00 Uhr' the district electoral authorities count the postal ballot cards (Mon 6 Nov 2028, 08:00 UTC). First-round precedent 2022: the BMI published the result including all timely postal ballot cards at 22:21 CEST on the Monday (OTS0182, 10 Oct 2022). The window closes at 12:00 CET Tuesday. Still provisional.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          },
          {
            "stage": "final-result",
            "from": "2028-11-10T08:00:00Z",
            "by": "2028-11-19T22:59:59Z",
            "replacedAt": null,
            "confidence": "precedent",
            "citation": "The Bundeswahlbehörde declares the winner (§§ 17, 20(2)) and publishes the result 'unverzüglich' on the BMI notice board and the internet (§ 21(1)); the law sets no day. Precedent from the BMI's own page: the 22 May 2016 second round was declared in the 'Verlautbarung der Bundeswahlbehörde vom 1. Juni 2016' (day 10); the repeated second round of 4 Dec 2016 on 15 Dec 2016 (day 11). The opening, Friday 10 Nov 2028 09:00 CET (day 5, by analogy with § 15(2)), is an ESTIMATED floor; the window closes at the end of Sunday 19 Nov 2028 (day 14). A challenge may be lodged at the Verfassungsgerichtshof within one week, and the court decides within four weeks (§ 21(2)); the Chancellor then publishes the result in the Bundesgesetzblatt (§ 22). The court acts only on a challenge (it annulled the 2016 second round, VfGH W I 6/2016 of 1 Jul 2016), so there is no court-validation stage. The incumbent's term ends on 26 Jan 2029.",
            "source": null,
            "observedAt": null,
            "observedSource": null
          }
        ],
        "sources": [
          {
            "url": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/bundespraesidentenwahlen/start.html",
            "role": "results-live",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Federal Ministry of the Interior (Bundeswahlbehörde) index of presidential elections, not a page for this election. On 25 Sep 2026 it listed 2022 back to 2004; https://bundeswahlen.gv.at/2028/ returned 404. 2022 results sat at https://bundeswahlen.gv.at/2022/ and 2016 at https://bundeswahlen.gv.at/2016/; the 2028 path is PREDICTED, not seen. 2016 second-round equivalent: 'Verlautbarung der Bundeswahlbehörde vom 1. Juni 2016' (kundmachung_bwb_bpw16_ergebnis_2wg.pdf) on bmi.gv.at/412/bundespraesidentenwahlen/bundespraesidentenwahl_2016/start.html.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10000494",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Bundespräsidentenwahlgesetz 1971 (consolidated, RIS): § 1 (polling day set by government ordinance with the Main Committee), § 10 (voting rules of NRWO §§ 52 ff. apply), § 14a (postal ballot cards counted the day after polling from 09:00), § 15(2) (state files to reach the Bundeswahlbehörde by the fifth day), § 16 (48-hour objection), § 17 (absolute majority), §§ 18-19 (second round on the fourth Sunday, ordered by the eighth day), § 21 (publication; one-week challenge at the Verfassungsgerichtshof, which decides within four weeks), § 22 (Chancellor publishes the result in the Bundesgesetzblatt). Second round: fourth Sunday after 8 Oct 2028 (15, 22, 29 Oct, 5 Nov) = 5 Nov 2028; tentative with the first-round date.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.ris.bka.gv.at/GeltendeFassung.wxe?Abfrage=Bundesnormen&Gesetzesnummer=10000138",
            "role": "timetable",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "no election or results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "note": "Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz art. 60: direct election, absolute majority or second round between the top two, six-year term, one consecutive re-election.",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Austrian_presidential_election",
            "role": "see-also",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "race",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/nationalratswahlen/start.html",
            "role": "results-index",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          },
          {
            "url": "https://www.bmi.gv.at/412/",
            "role": "authority-home",
            "kind": "other",
            "kindReason": "election page without a results marker",
            "resolvable": false,
            "origin": "authority",
            "check": null
          }
        ],
        "page_activity": [],
        "government": null,
        "url": "https://electionindex.org/election/austria-presidential-2028-r2#president"
      }
    ]
  },
  "meta": {
    "dataset_version": "2026-09-25.d023cc13",
    "built_at": "2026-09-25T21:25:00Z",
    "generated_at": "2026-09-25T22:33:14.252Z",
    "licence": "CC BY 4.0: credit \"Election Index (electionindex.org)\" and link to https://electionindex.org",
    "docs": "https://electionindex.org/docs"
  }
}